高考英语之概要写作.docx

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高考英语之概要写作.docx

高考英语之概要写作

概要写作(Summarywriting),被称为“小作文”。

概要写作分值占据15分,考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。

概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字,内容丰富多样,包含故事、时政、科普等,体裁以记叙文、说明文为主,字数一般要求在50-60字,答案尽量符合“Keypointsofasummary”的要求。

一.正确认识概要写作

1.Definitionofsummarywriting(概要写作的定义)

Bysummary,wemeanabriefrestatement,inyourownwords,ofthecontentofapassage,anarticle,achapterorabook.

2.Keypointsofasummary(概要写作的要点)

Conciseness(简要性):

Omitunnecessarydetailslikeexamples,explanationsandotherunimportantinformation.

Length:

1/4-1/3oftheoriginaltext.

Completeness(完整性):

Toincludeallthemainandsupportingpointsdeliveredinyouownwordsinacondensedmanner.

Accuracy(准确性):

Togivethesameattentionandstresstothepointsastheauthordoes.

Coherence(连贯性):

Ratherthananoutlinelistedaskeywordsandphrases,asummaryisaparagraphwithnecessarytransitionsandfunctionstructurestomakeitflow.

Objectivity(客观性):

Donotincludeyourownideasoremotionsonthetopic.Thesummaryshouldreflectthecontentoftheoriginalpassageonly.

3.Stepstowriteasummary(概要写作的步骤)

1)Skimthetexttofindoutthegeneraltheme.

2)Analyzethetext’sstructuretodivideitintoseveralsections,findoutthemainideaofeachsectionandwriteitoutbrieflywithyourownwords.(onesentence)

3)Writedownthekeysupportingpointsforeachmainideawithoutinvolvingminordetails.

4)Organizethemainandrelatedsupportingpointsinalogicalorderwithnecessarytransitionstoachievecoherence.

5)Proofreadforgrammatical,spellingandpunctuationmistakes.

4.Beginningofasummary(概要写作的开头)

Beginyoursummarywith:

*Theauthor’sname

*Thearticle’sorchapter’sname

*Theauthor’sthesisstatement—ageneraloverview(survey)ofthearticle.

TheBody:

Firstofall,theauthordescribes……

Hethenpointsoutthat……

Inaddition,theauthortalksabout……

Finally,theauthorsuggests……

Someotherintroductoryphrases:

*(Theauthor)statesin(thisarticle)that…

*(Theauthor),in(thisarticle)showsthat…

*In(thisarticle),(theauthor)writesthat…

*As(theauthor)saysin(thisarticle),…

*Themainideaof(theauthor’sarticle)is…

*Theauthorbelieves(holds;maintains;claims;argues;pointsout;suggests;proposes)that+clause…

*Theauthortalksabout(explains;describes;reveals;discusses;focuseson)+n.

二.记叙文概要写作

记叙文体的阅读材料,相比其他文体而言,写概要相对容易。

在写概要前,除明确文章主题外,还应抓住六个要素:

when,where,who,what,why,how。

在这六个要素中,所占内容比重最大的是what。

一般来说,记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示:

Whodidwhatby…because…

不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why,有时两者选其一即可。

Directions:

Pleasereadthefollowingpassageandwriteasummaryofitinnomorethan60words.

ItookatriptoabiglakeinIndonesiawithmyfamilytwoyearsago.Itwasreallyahugelakewithbeautifulsceneryallaround.Peoplewereamazedbytheendlessviewinfrontofoureyes.Lateron,unlikeothergirls,Ivolunteeredtogowater-skiingalone.Iputonthelifejacket,gotonthemotorboatimmediatelyandstartedmyengineassoonaspossible.

Thelakeseemedbroadandendless.Iwassothrilled(激动)toenjoymytripamongthemountainsandwatersthatIspedmymotorboat.Then,aftersometime,Ifoundmyselfinthemiddleoftheendlesslake.Asuddenfearcamearoundme.Ididn’tknowwhereIwasorevenhowfarIhadgonefromtheshore.Whatwasworse,itbegantorainanditbecameverycoldandfoggy.Irodeeverywherebutcouldn’tfindmywayback.Itwasuselessformetocryorshoutforhelp.IwassoterrifiedthatIbegantothinkaboutallkindsofhorriblethings.Afterfloatingonthewaterhelplesslyandhopelesslyforalongtime,suddenlyIheardsomeonecallingmyname.Soon,abigsteamboatsailedtomeandtheypulledmeuptothedeckandaskedmeifIwashurt.Icouldn’tsayawordbutcriedinmyfather’sarms.

材料分析:

根据文本内容,这是一篇故事类的记叙文,要求对其进行概要写作。

因此,我们先找出记叙文的六要素:

When—twoyearsago

Where—atriptoabiglakeinIndonesia

Who—“I”,thewriter

What—gotlost;wasfound

Why—gowater-skiingalone;toothrilled

Result—fathercametoherrescue

列出了要点之后,就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来,概括成一段约50词的通顺概要:

Thepassagetellsusthewriter’sexperienceofadventure.Oncethewriterwasonatriptoalakewhereshewentwater-skiingalone.Shewassoexcitedandenjoyedherselfthatsoonshegotlost.Fortunately,herfatherfinallycametoherrescue.(44words)

三.说明文概要写作要点点拨

说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可分为以下几类:

现象揭示类:

Thearticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon—(主题),which…(补充解释)

利弊对比类:

Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.A…whileB…

Thepassagediscussestheimpactofsth.

Onthepositiveside,…,butitmayalso…

研究显示类:

Thestudyrevealsthat…

Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat…

Directions:

Pleasereadthefollowingpassageandwriteasummaryofitinnomorethan60words.

Alargesourceofrubbishispackagingmaterial.Itoftenmakesupmorethan30percentofthetotal.Tounderstandwhythisistrue,thinkofthepackagingco

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