高考英语之概要写作.docx
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高考英语之概要写作
概要写作(Summarywriting),被称为“小作文”。
概要写作分值占据15分,考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。
概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字,内容丰富多样,包含故事、时政、科普等,体裁以记叙文、说明文为主,字数一般要求在50-60字,答案尽量符合“Keypointsofasummary”的要求。
一.正确认识概要写作
1.Definitionofsummarywriting(概要写作的定义)
Bysummary,wemeanabriefrestatement,inyourownwords,ofthecontentofapassage,anarticle,achapterorabook.
2.Keypointsofasummary(概要写作的要点)
Conciseness(简要性):
Omitunnecessarydetailslikeexamples,explanationsandotherunimportantinformation.
Length:
1/4-1/3oftheoriginaltext.
Completeness(完整性):
Toincludeallthemainandsupportingpointsdeliveredinyouownwordsinacondensedmanner.
Accuracy(准确性):
Togivethesameattentionandstresstothepointsastheauthordoes.
Coherence(连贯性):
Ratherthananoutlinelistedaskeywordsandphrases,asummaryisaparagraphwithnecessarytransitionsandfunctionstructurestomakeitflow.
Objectivity(客观性):
Donotincludeyourownideasoremotionsonthetopic.Thesummaryshouldreflectthecontentoftheoriginalpassageonly.
3.Stepstowriteasummary(概要写作的步骤)
1)Skimthetexttofindoutthegeneraltheme.
2)Analyzethetext’sstructuretodivideitintoseveralsections,findoutthemainideaofeachsectionandwriteitoutbrieflywithyourownwords.(onesentence)
3)Writedownthekeysupportingpointsforeachmainideawithoutinvolvingminordetails.
4)Organizethemainandrelatedsupportingpointsinalogicalorderwithnecessarytransitionstoachievecoherence.
5)Proofreadforgrammatical,spellingandpunctuationmistakes.
4.Beginningofasummary(概要写作的开头)
Beginyoursummarywith:
*Theauthor’sname
*Thearticle’sorchapter’sname
*Theauthor’sthesisstatement—ageneraloverview(survey)ofthearticle.
TheBody:
Firstofall,theauthordescribes……
Hethenpointsoutthat……
Inaddition,theauthortalksabout……
Finally,theauthorsuggests……
Someotherintroductoryphrases:
*(Theauthor)statesin(thisarticle)that…
*(Theauthor),in(thisarticle)showsthat…
*In(thisarticle),(theauthor)writesthat…
*As(theauthor)saysin(thisarticle),…
*Themainideaof(theauthor’sarticle)is…
*Theauthorbelieves(holds;maintains;claims;argues;pointsout;suggests;proposes)that+clause…
*Theauthortalksabout(explains;describes;reveals;discusses;focuseson)+n.
二.记叙文概要写作
记叙文体的阅读材料,相比其他文体而言,写概要相对容易。
在写概要前,除明确文章主题外,还应抓住六个要素:
when,where,who,what,why,how。
在这六个要素中,所占内容比重最大的是what。
一般来说,记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示:
Whodidwhatby…because…
不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why,有时两者选其一即可。
Directions:
Pleasereadthefollowingpassageandwriteasummaryofitinnomorethan60words.
ItookatriptoabiglakeinIndonesiawithmyfamilytwoyearsago.Itwasreallyahugelakewithbeautifulsceneryallaround.Peoplewereamazedbytheendlessviewinfrontofoureyes.Lateron,unlikeothergirls,Ivolunteeredtogowater-skiingalone.Iputonthelifejacket,gotonthemotorboatimmediatelyandstartedmyengineassoonaspossible.
Thelakeseemedbroadandendless.Iwassothrilled(激动)toenjoymytripamongthemountainsandwatersthatIspedmymotorboat.Then,aftersometime,Ifoundmyselfinthemiddleoftheendlesslake.Asuddenfearcamearoundme.Ididn’tknowwhereIwasorevenhowfarIhadgonefromtheshore.Whatwasworse,itbegantorainanditbecameverycoldandfoggy.Irodeeverywherebutcouldn’tfindmywayback.Itwasuselessformetocryorshoutforhelp.IwassoterrifiedthatIbegantothinkaboutallkindsofhorriblethings.Afterfloatingonthewaterhelplesslyandhopelesslyforalongtime,suddenlyIheardsomeonecallingmyname.Soon,abigsteamboatsailedtomeandtheypulledmeuptothedeckandaskedmeifIwashurt.Icouldn’tsayawordbutcriedinmyfather’sarms.
材料分析:
根据文本内容,这是一篇故事类的记叙文,要求对其进行概要写作。
因此,我们先找出记叙文的六要素:
When—twoyearsago
Where—atriptoabiglakeinIndonesia
Who—“I”,thewriter
What—gotlost;wasfound
Why—gowater-skiingalone;toothrilled
Result—fathercametoherrescue
列出了要点之后,就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来,概括成一段约50词的通顺概要:
Thepassagetellsusthewriter’sexperienceofadventure.Oncethewriterwasonatriptoalakewhereshewentwater-skiingalone.Shewassoexcitedandenjoyedherselfthatsoonshegotlost.Fortunately,herfatherfinallycametoherrescue.(44words)
三.说明文概要写作要点点拨
说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可分为以下几类:
现象揭示类:
Thearticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon—(主题),which…(补充解释)
利弊对比类:
Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.A…whileB…
Thepassagediscussestheimpactofsth.
Onthepositiveside,…,butitmayalso…
研究显示类:
Thestudyrevealsthat…
Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat…
Directions:
Pleasereadthefollowingpassageandwriteasummaryofitinnomorethan60words.
Alargesourceofrubbishispackagingmaterial.Itoftenmakesupmorethan30percentofthetotal.Tounderstandwhythisistrue,thinkofthepackagingco