最实用的语法.docx

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最实用的语法

 

Handbook

of

Grammar

语法手册

Catalogue

Unit1TenseandVoice3

Unit2Structure4

Lesson1句子成分4

Lesson2NominalClause6

SubjectiveClause6

ObjectiveClause8

PredicativeClause8

AppositiveClause9

Lesson3Attributiveclause11

Lesson4Adverbialclause15

一、时间状语从句15

二、地点状语从句17

三、原因状语从句17

四、目的状语从句19

五、结果状语从句19

六、条件状语从句20

七、让步状语从句22

八、比较状语从句24

九、方式状语从句27

Unit3NonfiniteVerb28

Lesson1Gerund29

Lesson2Infinitive37

Lesson3Participle47

分词作定语47

分词作状语51

Unit4句子的特殊现象55

Lesson1SubjunctiveMood55

Lesson2倒装59

 

Unit1TenseandVoice

时态和语态

Tense

Present

(现在)

Past

(过去)

Future

(将来)

Pastfuture

(过去将来)

Simple

(一般)

Continuous

(进行)

Perfect

(完成)

Perfectcontinuous

(完成进行)

Voice

Present

(现在)

Past

(过去)

Future

(将来)

Pastfuture

(过去将来)

Simple

(一般)

Continuous

(进行)

Perfect

(完成)

Perfectcontinuous

(完成进行)

Unit2Structure

Lesson1句子成分

英语中的五种基本句型

1.S+V

2.S+V+O

3.S+V+C

4.S+V+IO+DO

5.S+V+O+C

例:

1.Hedied.

2.Iloveyou.

3.Thedreamhascometrue.

4.Heshowedhispassporttotheguard.

5.Ahedgebetweenkeepsfriendshipgreen.

知识点:

1.S=SubjectV=VerbO=ObjectIO=IndirectObjectDO=DirectObject

C=Complement

2.动词分为:

及物动词(vt.即transitiveverb)、不及物动词(vi.即intransitiveverb)和联系动词(linkingverb)

3.系动词的几类

单纯表示主语的特征、状态的

feel,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear

Therosedoesn’tsmellmuch.

表示主语又一种状态转变为另一种状态

become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come

1)Oursuppliesofsugarandricefellshort.

我们的糖、米供应不足。

2)Thejokesfellflat.

玩笑毫无效果。

3)Ihavegottoreturnthebookthisafternoon;itfallsoverdue.

我们今天下午得还书,已经过期一周了。

4)falldue到期

5)fallasleep睡着

6)gohungry饿了,挨饿

7)gomad变疯了

8)gobad坏掉了

9)gocrazy变得疯狂

10)gosour变酸

11)gowrong出错了

12)Hopeyourdreamwillcometrue.

祝你好梦成真

表示主语保持某种状态的

continue,remain,stay,keep,hold,rest,prove

1)Theweathercontinuefineforseveraldays.

天气连续几天都很晴朗。

2)Hehasfallenintothehabitofdoingmorningexercisestostayhealthy.

为了保持健康,他已经养成了晨练的习惯。

3)Ifyoudon’tstaybusy,youdie.Idon’twanttodierightnow.

如果你不辛勤忙碌,就等于死亡,我可不想现在就死去。

4)Heheldsilentforthewholeday.

他一整天都沉默不语

5)Youmayrestassuredthathewillcometotheparty.

尽管放心,他回来参加聚会的。

4.双宾语动词

1)assign,award,bring,deliver,deny,feed,give,grant,hand,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,promise,post,read,recommend,sell,send,show,take,write.

2)book,buy,build,change,choose,cook,fetch,find,get,keep,make,order,prepare,sing

3)charge,cost,bet

●I’llbetyoutendollars.

●Therepairmanchargedmetendollars.

5.复合宾语动词

appoint,believe,call,choose,consider,declare,elect,feel,find,keep,leave,let,make,name,nominate,prove,see,suppose,vote.

●TheyappointedJohnchairman.

●Youleavethedooropen.

●Thechairmandeclaredthemeetingover.

●Ibelievehimtobetrue.

Lesson2NominalClause

(名词性从句)

名词性从句的引导词

连词that

连词whether,if

连接代词who,whom,what,which,whose

连接副词when,where,why,how

SubjectiveClause

主语从句

Itisbeyonddisputethattheplatesaremoving.

ItisanundoubtedfactthatEnglishisveryimportant.

Itisobviousthathedoesn’tunderstandEnglish.

Itiscommonknowledgethatthemoonitselfdoesnotgiveofflight.

常见主语从句句型:

Itis+PastParticiple+thatclause

It’sreportedthat…

Itisgenerallythoughtthat…

Ithasbeenfoundthat…

It’sbelievedthat…

Itshouldbenotedthat…

Itmustbepointedoutthat…

Itis+adjective+thatclause

Itisclearthat…

Itislikelythat…

Itiscertainthat…

Itisfortunatethat….

Itispossiblethat…

Itisnaturethat…

Itisstrangethat…

Itisnecessarythat…

ItistruethatEnglishhasbecominganinternationallanguage.

 

Itis+nominalphrase+thatclause

Itisapitythat…

Itisgoodnewsthat…

Itisnowonderthat…

Itisanhonorthat…

Itismybeliefthat…

Itisafactthat…

Itisagoodthingthat…

Itisashamethat…

Itiscommonknowledgethat…

Itisamiraclethat…

Itisashamethatyoudidn’tpassthetest.

Itiscommonknowledgethataflashoflighteningisseenbeforeaclapofthunderisheard.

一般疑问句做主语

Whetherhecomesornotmakesnodifferencetome.

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.

特殊疑问句作主语

Whatweneediswhollynewkindofpoliceforce.

Whathetoldyouistrue.

Whenthemeetingistobeheldhasnotyetbeendecided.

Whyherefusedtocooperatewithusisstillamystery.

Howapersonmastershisfateismoreimportantthanwhathisfateis.

September11,2001startedoutasanordinaryday,butwhathappenedthatmorningwillbeforeveretchedinourmemories.

 

ObjectiveClause

宾语从句

Weknow(that)theworldisround.

I

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