最实用的语法.docx

1、最实用的语法Handbook of Grammar语法手册 CatalogueUnit 1 Tense and Voice 3Unit 2 Structure 4Lesson 1 句子成分 4Lesson 2 Nominal Clause 6Subjective Clause 6Objective Clause 8Predicative Clause 8Appositive Clause 9Lesson 3 Attributive clause 11Lesson 4 Adverbial clause 15一、时间状语从句 15二、地点状语从句 17三、原因状语从句 17四、目的状语从句 19五

2、、结果状语从句 19六、条件状语从句 20七、让步状语从句 22八、比较状语从句 24九、方式状语从句 27Unit 3 Nonfinite Verb 28Lesson 1 Gerund 29Lesson 2 Infinitive 37Lesson 3 Participle 47分词作定语 47分词作状语 51Unit 4 句子的特殊现象 55Lesson 1 Subjunctive Mood 55Lesson 2 倒 装 59Unit 1 Tense and Voice时态和语态TensePresent（现在）Past（过去）Future（将来）Past future（过去将来）Simple

3、（一般）Continuous（进行）Perfect（完成）Perfect continuous（完成进行）VoicePresent（现在）Past（过去）Future（将来）Past future（过去将来）Simple（一般）Continuous（进行）Perfect（完成）Perfect continuous（完成进行）Unit 2 StructureLesson 1 句子成分英语中的五种基本句型1. S + V2. S + V + O3. S + V + C4. S + V + IO + DO5. S + V + O + C例：1. He died.2. I love you.3. Th

4、e dream has come true.4. He showed his passport to the guard.5. A hedge between keeps friendship green.知识点：1. S = Subject V = Verb O = Object IO= Indirect Object DO = Direct Object C = Complement2. 动词分为: 及物动词(vt. 即 transitive verb)、不及物动词 (vi. 即 intransitive verb) 和 联系动词(linking verb)3. 系动词的几类单纯表示主语的

5、特征、状态的feel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appearThe rose doesnt smell much.表示主语又一种状态转变为另一种状态become, grow, get, turn, fall, go, come1) Our supplies of sugar and rice fell short.我们的糖、米供应不足。2) The jokes fell flat.玩笑毫无效果。3) I have got to return the book this afternoon; it falls overdue.我们今天下午得还书，已经过期

6、一周了。4) fall due到期5) fall asleep睡着6) go hungry饿了，挨饿7) go mad变疯了8) go bad 坏掉了9) go crazy 变得疯狂10) go sour 变酸11) go wrong 出错了12) Hope your dream will come true.祝你好梦成真表示主语保持某种状态的continue, remain, stay, keep, hold, rest, prove1) The weather continue fine for several days.天气连续几天都很晴朗。2) He has fallen into t

7、he habit of doing morning exercises to stay healthy.为了保持健康，他已经养成了晨练的习惯。3) If you dont stay busy, you die. I dont want to die right now.如果你不辛勤忙碌，就等于死亡，我可不想现在就死去。4) He held silent for the whole day.他一整天都沉默不语5) You may rest assured that he will come to the party.尽管放心，他回来参加聚会的。4. 双宾语动词1) assign, award,

8、bring, deliver, deny, feed, give, grant, hand, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, promise, post, read, recommend, sell, send, show, take, write.2) book, buy, build, change, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, keep, make, order, prepare, sing3) charge, cost, bet Ill bet you ten dollars. The repairman charged m

9、e ten dollars.5. 复合宾语动词appoint, believe, call, choose, consider, declare, elect, feel, find, keep, leave, let, make, name, nominate, prove, see, suppose, vote. They appointed John chairman. You leave the door open. The chairman declared the meeting over. I believe him to be true.Lesson 2 Nominal Cla

10、use（名词性从句）名词性从句的引导词连词that连词whether, if连接代词 who, whom, what, which, whose连接副词 when, where, why, howSubjective Clause主语从句It is beyond dispute that the plates are moving.It is an undoubted fact that English is very important.It is obvious that he doesnt understand English. It is common knowledge that t

11、he moon itself does not give off light.常见主语从句句型：It is + Past Participle + that clauseIts reported that It is generally thought thatIt has been found thatIts believed thatIt should be noted thatIt must be pointed out thatIt is + adjective + that clauseIt is clear thatIt is likely thatIt is certain th

12、atIt is fortunate that.It is possible thatIt is nature thatIt is strange thatIt is necessary thatIt is true that English has becoming an international language.It is + nominal phrase + that clauseIt is a pity thatIt is good news thatIt is no wonder thatIt is an honor thatIt is my belief thatIt is a

13、fact thatIt is a good thing thatIt is a shame thatIt is common knowledge thatIt is a miracle thatIt is a shame that you didnt pass the test.It is common knowledge that a flash of lightening is seen before a clap of thunder is heard.一般疑问句做主语Whether he comes or not makes no difference to me.Whether th

14、e eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. 特殊疑问句作主语What we need is wholly new kind of police force.What he told you is true.When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decided.Why he refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery.How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate is.September 11, 2001 started out as an ordinary day, but what happened that morning will be forever etched in our memories.Objective Clause宾语从句We know (that) the world is round.I