19年英语四级真题Word格式文档下载.docx

19年英语四级真题Word格式文档下载.docx

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Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowrite 

alettertoaforeignfriendwhowantstolearnChinese.Pleaserecommendaplacetohim. 

Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

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PartⅡ

PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）

SectionA

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon 

AnswerSheet2 

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce．

Finally，somegoodnewsaboutairplanetravel.Ifyouareonaplanewithasickpassenger，youareunlikelytogetsick.Thatisthe26ofanewstudythatlookedathowrespiratory（呼吸道）viruses27onairplanes.Researchersfoundthatonlypeoplewhowereseatedinthesamerowasapassengerwiththeflu，forexample—oronerowinfrontoforbehindthatindividual—hadahighriskofcatchingtheillness.Allotherpassengershadonlyavery28chanceofgettingsick,accordingtothefindings.Mediareportshavenotnecessarilypresented29informationabouttheriskofgettinginfectedonanairplaneinthepast.Therefore,thesenewfindingsshouldhelpairplanepassengerstofeelless30tocatchingrespiratoryinfectionswhiletravelingbyair.

Priortothenewstudy，littlewasknownabouttherisksofgetting31infectedbycommonrespiratoryviruses，suchasthefluorcommoncold，onanairplane，theresearcherssaid.So，to32therisksofinfection，thestudyteamflewon10different33intheU.S.duringthefluseason.Theresearchersfoundthatpassengerssittingwithintwoseatson34sideofapersoninfectedwiththeflu，aswellasthosesittingonerowinfrontoforbehindthisindividual，hadaboutan80percentchanceofgettingsick.Butotherpassengerswere35safefrominfection.Theyhadalessthan3percentchanceofcatchingtheflu.

A）accurateI）nearby

B）conclusionJ）respond

C）directlyK）slim

D）eitherL）spread

E）evaluateM）summit

F）explorationsN）vividly

G）flightsO）vulnerable

H）largely

SectionB

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteron 

AnswerSheet2.

IsBreakfastReallytheMostImportantMealoftheDay?

[A]Alongwitholdclassicslike“carrotsgiveyounightvision”and“Santadoesn’tbringtoystomisbehavingchildren”,oneofthemostwell-wornphrasesoftiredparentseverywhereisthatbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.Manyofusgrowupbelievingthatskippingbreakfastisaseriousmistake，evenifonlytwothirdsofadultsintheUKeatbreakfastregularly，accordingtotheBritishDieteticAssociation，andaroundthree-quartersofAmericans.

[B]“Thebodyusesalotofenergystoresforgrowthandrepairthroughthenight,”explainsdietspecialistSarahElder.“Eatingabalancedbreakfasthelpstoupourenergy，aswellasmakeupforproteinandcalciumusedthroughoutthenight.”Butthere’swidespreaddisagreementoverwhetherbreakfastshouldkeepitstopspotinthehierarchy（等级）ofmeals.Therehavebeenconcernsaroundthesugarcontentofcerealandthefoodindustry’sinvolvementinpro-breakfastresearch—andevenoneclaimfromanacademicthatbreakfastis“dangerous”.

[C]What’sthereality?

Isbreakfastanecessarystarttothedayoramarketingtacticbycerealcompanies?

Themostresearchedaspectofbreakfast（andbreakfast-skipping）hasbeenitslinkstoobesity.Scientistshavedifferenttheoriesastowhythere’sarelationshipbetweenthetwo.InoneUSstudythatanalysedthehealthdataof50,000peopleoversevenyears,researchersfoundthatthosewhomadebreakfastthelargestmealofthedayweremorelikelytohavealowerbodymassindex（BMI）thanthosewhoatealargelunchordinner.Theresearchersarguedthatbreakfasthelpsreducedailycalorieintakeandimprovethequalityofourdiet—sincebreakfastfoodsareoftenhigherinfibreandnutrients.

[D]Butaswithanystudyofthiskind,itwasunclearifthatwasthecause—orifbreakfast-skipperswerejustmorelikelytobeoverweighttobeginwith.Tofindout,researchersdesignedastudyinwhich52obesewomentookpartina12-weckweightlossprogramme.Allhadthesamenumberofcaloriesovertheday,buthalfhadbreakfast,whiletheotherhalfdidnot.Whattheyfoundwasthatitwasn’tbreakfastitselfthatcausedtheparticipantstoloseweight:

itwaschangingtheirnormalroutine.

[E]Ifbreakfastaloneisn’taguaranteeofweightloss,whyistherealinkbetweenobesityandbreakfast-skipping？

AlexandraJohnstone，professorofappetiteresearchattheUniversityofAberdeen，arguesthatitmaysimplybebecausebreakfast-skippershavebeenfoundtobelessknowledgeableaboutnutritionandhealth.“Therearealotofstudiesontherelationshipbetweenbreakfasteatingandpossiblehealthoutcomes，butthismaybebecausethosewhoeatbreakfastchoosetohabituallyhavehealth-enhancingbehaviourssuchasregularexerciseandnotsmoking,”shesays.

[F]A2016reviewof10studieslookingintotherelationshipbetweenbreakfastandweightmanagementconcludedthereis“limitedevidence”supportingorrefuting（反驳）theargumentthatbreakfastinfluencesweightorfoodintake,andmoreevidenceisrequiredbeforebreakfastrecommendationscanbeusedtohelppreventobesity.

[G]ResearchersfromtheUniversityofSurreyandUniversityofAberdeenarehalfwaythroughresearchlookingintothemechanismsbehindhowthetimeweeatinfluencesbodyweight.Earlyfindingssuggestthatabiggerbreakfastisbeneficialtoweightcontrol.Breakfasthasbeenfoundtoaffectmorethanjustweight.Skippingbreakfasthasbeenassociatedwitha27%increasedriskofheartdisease,a21%higherriskoftype2diabetesinmen,anda20%higherriskoftype2diabetesinwomen.Onereasonmaybebreakfast’snutritionalvalue—partlybecausecerealisfortified（增加营养价值）withvitamins.Inonestudyonthebreakfasthabitsof1,600youngpeopleintheUK,researchersfoundthatthefibreandmicronutrientintakewasbetterinthosewhohadbreakfastregularly.TherehavebeensimilarfindingsinAustralia,Brazil,CanadaandtheUS.

[H]Breakfastisalsoassociatedwithimprovedbrainfunction,includingconcentrationandlanguageuse.Areviewof54studiesfoundthateatingbreakfastcanimprovememory,thoughtheeffectsonotherbrainfunctionswereinconclusive.However,oneofthereview’sresearchers,MaryBethSpitznagel,saysthereis“reasonable”evidencebreakfastdoesimproveconcentration—therejustneedstobemoreresearch.“Lookingatstudiesthattestedconcentration,thenumberofstudiesshowingabenefitwasexactlythesameasthenumberthatfoundnobenefit,”shesays.“Andnostudiesfoundthateatingbreakfastwasbadforconcentration.”

[I]What’smostimportant,someargue,iswhatweeatforbreakfast.High-proteinbreakfastshavebeenfoundparticularlyeffectiveinreducingthelongingforfoodandconsumptionlaterintheday,accordingtoresearchbytheAustralianCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganisation.WhilecerealremainsafirmfavouriteamongbreakfastconsumersintheUKandUS,arecentinvestigationintothesugarcontentof‘adult’breakfastcerealsfoundthatsomecerealscontainmorethanthree-quartersoftherecommendeddailyamountoffreesugarsineachportion,andsugarwasthesecondorthirdhighestingredientincereals.

[J]Butsomeresearchsuggestsifwe’regoingtoeatsugaryfoods,it’sbesttodoitearly.Onestudyrecruited200obeseadultstotakepartina16-week-longdiet,wherehalfaddeddesserttotheirbreakfast,andhalfdidn’t.Thosewhoaddeddessertlostanaverageof40poundsmore—however,thestudywasunabletoshowthelong-termeffects.Areviewof54studiesfoundthatthereisnoconsensusyetonwhattypeofbreakfastishealthier,andconcludethatthetypeofbreakfastdoesn’tmatterasmuchassimplyeatingsomething.

[K]Whilethere’snoconclusiveevidenceonexactlywhatweshouldbeeatingandwhen,theconsensusisthatweshouldlistentoourownbodiesandeatwhenwe’rehungry.“Breakfastismostimportantforpeoplewhoarehungrywhentheywakeup,”Johnstonesays.“Eachbodystartsthedaydifferently—andthoseindividualdifferencesneedtoberesearchedmoreclosely,”Spitznagelsays.“Abalancedbreakfastisreallyhelpful,butgettingregularmealsthroughoutthedayismoreimportanttoleavebloodsugarstablethroughtheday,whichhelpscontrolweightandhungerlevels,”saysElder.“Breakfastisn’ttheonlymealweshouldbegettingright.”

36.Accordingtooneprofessor,obesityisrelatedtoalackofbasicawarenessofnutritionandhealth.

37.Somescientistsclaimthatpeopleshouldconsumetherightkindoffoodatbreakfast.

38.Opinionsdifferastowhetherbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.

39.Ithasbeenfoundthatnoteatingbreakfastisrelatedtotheincidenceofcertaindiseasesinsomecount