考研英语一真题下载Word格式文档下载.docx
《考研英语一真题下载Word格式文档下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《考研英语一真题下载Word格式文档下载.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![考研英语一真题下载Word格式文档下载.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2023-1/26/9325758e-7964-4447-addd-4aabb187f802/9325758e-7964-4447-addd-4aabb187f8021.gif)
Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'
tremember___weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance'
sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain___,werefertotheseoccurrencesan“seniormoments.”___seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(n)___impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal___.
Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere'
sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It___outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental___cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive___.Thinkingis___essentiallya___ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto___inmarkingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.abilityto___inmakingtheconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,___,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate___mentaleffort.
Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep___anddevelopedthefirst“braintrainingprogram”designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental___.
TheWeb-basedprogram___youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps___ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback___yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it___modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto___onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping-muchlikea(n)___exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.
1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why
2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses
3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While
4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obsucure
5.[A]wellbeing[B]envirenment[C]relationahip[D]outlook
6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures
7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations
8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]cicumstances[D]criterion
9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process
10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature
11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However
12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof
13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around
14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility
15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows
16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace
17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on
18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually
19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take
20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar
Section2ReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency.”GeorgeOsbome,ChancelloroftheExchequer,inroducedthe“upfrontworksearch”sebeme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV.registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?
Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker'
sallowance.“Therefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”he4claimed,“We'
redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster.”Help?
Rellay?
Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdescringclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.
Losingajobishurting:
youdon'
tskipdowntothejobcenterwithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsuportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;
youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:
ajob.
ButinOsbomeland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodepency-permanentdependencyifyoucangetit-supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsoferer-thougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappend.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucnainsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker'
sallowance”isaboutredefiningrheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnofundamentalrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;
noentitlementandnoinsurance,at$71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.
21.GeorgeOsborue'
sschemewasintendedto
[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.
[B]encouragejobseekersactiveengagementinjobseeking.
[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.
[D]guaranteejobseekerslegitimaterighttobenefits.
22.Thephrase“tosignon”mostprobablymeans
[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.
[B]toacceptthegovernment'
srestrictionontheallowance.
[C]toregisterforanallowanceformthegovernment.
[D]toattendagovernmentjob-trainingprogram.
23.Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?
[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall
[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.
[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.
[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.
24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel
[A]uneasy
[B]enraged
[C]insulted
[D]guilty
25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?
[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekerslaziness.
[B]Osborne'
sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.
[C]Thejobseekers'
allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.
[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.
Text2
Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession-withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.
DuringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisisspendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostltnightmare.
Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawerinmostAmericanstatesafour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday'
saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$1000,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.
Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyastemenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.
Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipsyuctureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.
Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms'
efficiency.
Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtherelegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.
26.Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto
[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.
[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.
[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.
[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.
27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?
[A]Highertuitionfeesfor