考研英语一真题下载Word格式文档下载.docx

1、 As many people hit middle age， they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be .We suddenly cant remember _we put the keys just a moment ago ，or an old acquaintances name， or the name of an old band we used to love .As the brain _，we refer to these occur

2、rences an “senior moments.” _ seemingly innocent ， this loss of mental focus can potentially have a（n） _impact on our professional， social ， and personal_. Neuroscientists ，experts who study the nervous system ，are increasingly showing that theres actually a lot that can be done .It _out that the br

3、ain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do ，and the right mental _can significantly improve our basic cognitive _.Thinking is _essentially a _of making connections in the brain .To a certain extent ，our ability to _in marking the connections that drive intelligence is inherited . ability

4、 to _in making the connections are made through effort and practice ，_，because these connections are made through effort and practice ， scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate _ mental effort . Now ， a new Web-based company has taken it a step _and developed the first “ brain t

5、raining program ” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental _. The Web-based program _ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills . The program keeps _of your progress and provides detailed feedback _ your performance and improvement .Most importantly， it _

6、modifies and enhances the games you play to _ on the strengths you are developing - much like a（n） _ exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use . 1.Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhy 2. Aimproves Bfades Crecovers Dcollapses 3. AIf BUnless COnce DWhile 4. Auneven Blimited Cdam

7、aging Dobsucure 5. Awellbeing Benvirenment Crelationahip Doutlook 6. Aturns Bfinds Cpoints Dfigures 7. Aroundabouts Bresponses Cworkouts Dassociations 8. Agenre Bfunctions Ccicumstances Dcriterion 9. Achannel Bcondition Csequence Dprocess 10. Apersist Bbelieve Cexcel Dfeature 11. ATherefore BMoreove

8、r COtherwise DHowever 12. Aaccording to Bregardless of Capart from Dinstead of 13. Aback Bfurther Caside Daround 14. Asharpness Bstability Cframework Dflexibility 15. Aforces Breminds Churries Dallows 16. Ahold Btrack Corder Dpace 17. Ato Bwith Cfor Don 18. Airregularly Bhabitually Cconstantly Dunus

9、ually 19. Acarry Bput Cbuild Dtake 20. Arisky Beffective Cidle Dfamiliar Section 2 Reading Comprehension Part A Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，CorD.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points） Text 1 In order to “change lives for the better” a

10、nd reduce “dependency.”GeorgeOsbome，Chancellor of the Exchequer，inroduced the “upfront work search” sebeme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV. register for online job search， and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit - and then they should report weekly rather

11、than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable？ More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseekers allowance. “There first few days should be spent looking for work， not looking to sign on.” he4 claimed， “Were doing these things because we know they help pe

12、ople stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help？ Rellay？ On first hearing， this was the socially concerned chancellor， trying to change lives for the better， complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemploye

13、d to find work， and subsidises laziness. What motivated him， we were to understand， was his zeal for “fundamental fairness” - protecting the taxpayer， controlling spending and ensuring that only the most descring claimants received their benefits. Losing a job is hurting： you dont skip down to the j

14、obcenter with a song in your heart， delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying， psychologically embarrassing and you know that suport is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted； you are now excluded from the work en

15、vironment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse， the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always ： a job. But in Osbomeland， your first instinct is to fall into depency - perman

16、ent dependency if you can get it - supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of erer-thougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happend. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you cna insure yourself against th

17、e risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseekers allowance” is about redefining rhe unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead，

18、the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance，” conditional on actively seeking a job； no entitlement and no insurance， at $71.70 a week， one of the least generous in the EU. 21. George Osborues scheme was intended to Aprovide the unemployed with easier access to benefits. Bencourage jobseekers ac

19、tive engagement in job seeking. Cmotivate the unemployed to report voluntarily. Dguarantee jobseekers legitimate right to benefits. 22. The phrase “to sign on ”most probably means A to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre. Bto accept the governments restriction on the allowance. Cto re

20、gister for an allowance form the government. Dto attend a government job-training program. 23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme？ AA desire to secure a better life for all BAn eagerness to protect the unemployed. C An urge to be generous to the claimants. DA passion to ensure fairne

21、ss for taxpayers. 24.According to Paragraph 3，being unemployed makes one feel Auneasy Benraged Cinsulted Dguilty 25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree？ AThe British welfare system indulges jobseekers laziness. BOsbornes reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment. CThe j

22、obseekers allowance has met their actual needs. DUnemployment benefits should not be made conditional. Text2 All around the world， lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession -with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more gro

23、unds for complaint than America. During the decade before the economic crisis spending on legal services in America grew twice as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money，tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big -firm job. Many of

24、them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costlt nightmare. There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawer in most American states a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject

25、， then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves todays average law-school graduate with $1000，000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsom

26、ely hard. Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time， but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Anothe

27、r is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stem enough test for a would-be lawyer， those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third. The other reason

28、why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership syucture of the business. Except in the District of Columbia， non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession， but opponents of change amon

29、g the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically. In fact， allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers， by encouraging law firms to use techno

30、logy and improve services to customers， by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms efficiency. After all， other countries， such as Australia and Britain， have started liberalizing there legal professions. America should follow. 26. A lo

31、t of students take up law as their profession due to A the growing demand from clients. B the increasing pressure of inflation. C the prospect of working in big firms. D the attraction of financial rewards. 27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states？ A Higher tuition fees for