高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙14单元课后题与答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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Theseanimalsarecalledcattlewhentheyarealiveandfeedinthefields,butwhenwesitdownatthetabletoeat,wecalltheirmeetbeef.
7.ThenewrulingclasshadbuiltaculturalbarrieragainsthimbybuildingtheirFrenchagainsthisownlanguage.
ThenewrulingclassbyusingFrenchinsteadofEnglishmadeithardfortheEnglishtoacceptorabsorbthecultureoftherulers.
8.Englishhadcomeroyallyintoitsown.
EnglishreceivedproperrecognitionandwasusedbytheKingoncemore.
9.Thephrasehasalwaysbeenusedalittlepejorativelyandevenfacetiouslybythelowerclasses.
Thephrase,theKing’sEnglish,hasalwaysbeenuseddisrespectfullyandjokinglybythelower
classes.（Theworkingpeopleoftenmocktheproperandformallanguageoftheeducatedpeople.）
10.Therebellionagainstaculturaldominanceisstillthere.
AstheearlySaxonpeasants,theworkingpeoplestillhaveaspiritofoppositiontotheculturalauthority
oftherulingclass.
11.Thereisalwaysagreatdangerthat“wordswillhardenintothingsforus.“
Thereisalwaysagreatdanger,asCarlyleputit,thatwemightforgetthatwordsareonlysymbolsandtakethemforthingstheyaresupposedtorepresent.
Translation
1
a.Howeverintricatethewaysinwhichanimalscommunicatewitheachother,theydonotindulgeinanythingthatdeservesthenameofconversation.
不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。
b.Argumentmayoftenbeapartofit,butthepurposeoftheargumentisnottoconvince.Thereisnowinninginconversation.
争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。
交谈中没有胜负之说。
c.PerhapsitisbecauseofmyupbringinginEnglishpubsthatIthinkbarconversationhasacharmofitsown.
或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。
d.Idonotrememberwhatmadeoneofourcompanionssayit---sheclearlyhadnotcomeintothebartosayit,itwasnotsomethingthatwaspressingonhermind---butherremarkfellquitenaturallyintothetalk.
我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----
但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。
e.Thereisalwaysresistanceinthelowerclassestoanyattemptbyanupperclasstolaydownrules
for“Englishasitshouldbespoken.”
下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。
f.Wordsarenotthemselvesareality,butonlyrepresentationsofit,andtheKing’sEnglish,likethe
Anglo-FrenchoftheNormans,isaclassrepresentationofreality.
词语本身并不是现实。
正如诺曼底人讲的英格鲁--法语一样，标准英语是一个阶层用来表达现实的形式。
g.Perhapsitisworthtryingtospeakit,butitshouldnotbelaiddownasanedict,andmadeimmunetochangefrombelow.
或许试着去说它还是值得的，但是它不能被制定成法令，从而拒绝来自下层的变化。
h.Thereisnoworseconversationalistthantheonewhopunctuateshiswordsashespeaksasifhewerewriting,orevenwhotriestousewordsasifhewerecomposingapieceofproseforprint.
如果一个人说出的话就像写出来的文字，或者试图使用那些创作书面散文的文字，那么没有比这样的交谈
者更糟糕的了。
i.WhenE.M.Forsterwritesof“thesinistercorridorofourage,”wesitupatthevividnessofthe
phrase,theforceandeventerrorintheimage.
当E.M.福斯特写到“我们这个时代的险恶长廊”时，其用语之生动及由其所产生的生动有力，甚至可怖的形象苦令我们拍案叫绝。
j.Therewouldhavebeennoconversationtheothereveningifwehadbeenabletosettleatoncethemeetingof“theKing’sEnglish.”
2
那天晚上如果我们立刻解决了“标准英语”的含义，就不会有第二天晚上的谈话了。
LessonTwo
1.Theburying-groundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth,likeaderelictbuilding-lot.
Theburing-groundisnothingmorethanahugepieceofwastelandfullofmoundsofearthlookinglikeadesertedandabandonedpieceoflandonwhichabuildingwasgoingtobeputup.
2.Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthatfact.
Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals（bynottreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesashumanbeings）.
3.Theyriseoutoftheearth,theysweatandstarveforafewyears,andthentheysinkbackintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyard.
Theyareborn.Thenforafewyearstheywork,toilandstarve.Finallytheydieandareburiedingraveswithoutaname.
4.Acarpentersitscross-leggedataprehistoriclathe,turningchair-legsatlightningspeed.
Sittingwithhislegscrossedandusingaveryold-fashionedlathe,acarpenterquicklygivesaroundshapetothechair-legsheismaking.
5.Instantly,fromthedarkholesallround,therewasafrenziedrushofJews.
Immediatelyfromtheirdarkhole-likecellseverywhereagreatnumberofJewsrushedoutwildlyexcited.6.everyoneofthemlooksonacigaretteasamoreorlessimpossibleluxury
EveryoneofthesepoorJewslookedonthecigaretteasapieceofluxurywhichtheycouldnotpossiblyafford.
7.Still,awhiteskinisalwaysfairlyconspicuous.
However,awhite-skinnedEuropeanisalwaysquitenoticeable.
8.Inatropicallandscapeone'
seyetakesineverythingexceptthehumanbeings.
Ifyoutakealookatthenaturalsceneryinatropicalregion,youseeeverythingbutthehumanbeings.
9.NoonewouldthinkofrunningcheaptripstotheDistressedAreas.
Noonewouldthinkoforganizingcheaptripsforthetouriststovisitthepoorslumareas
10.fornine-tenthsofthepeopletherealityoflifeisanendless,backbreakingstruggletowringalittlefoodoutofanerodedsoil.
Lifeisveryhardforninetypercentofthepeople．Withhardbackbreakingtoiltheycanproducealittle
foodonthepoorsoil．
11.Sheacceptedherstatusasanoldwoman,thatistosayasabeastofburden.
3
Shetookitforgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowestinthecommunity
，that。
shewasonlyfit
fordoingheavyworklikeananimal
．
12.
Peoplewithbrownskinsarenextdoortoinvisible.
Peoplewithbrownskinsarealmostinvisible
13.
Theirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreach-me-downkhakiuniforms.
TheSenegalessoldierswerewearingready
—madekhakiuniformswhichhidtheirbeautifulwell
—built
bodies．
14.
Howlongbeforetheyturntheirgunsintheotherdirection?
Howmuchlongerbeforetheyturntheirgunsaroundandattackus?
。
15.
Everywhitemantherehadthisthoughtstowedsomewhereorotherinhismind.
Everywhitemantherehadthisthoughthiddensomewhereorotherinhismind
Whenyouwalkthroughatownlikethis-twohundredthousandinhabitantsofwhomatleasttwentythousandownliterallynothingexcepttheragstheystandupin-whenyouseehowthepeoplelive,andstillmorehoweasilytheydie,itisalwaysdifficulttobelievethatyouarewalkingamonghumanbeings.
当你穿行于这样的城镇中—20万居民中至少有2万人除了一身勉强蔽体的破衣烂衫外，一无所有——当
你看到这些人是如何生活，又如何轻易死亡时，你总是很难相信自己是行走在人类之中。
WhenyougothroughtheJewishquartersyougathersomeideaofwhatthemedievalghettoeswereprobablylike.
当你穿过犹太人聚居区时，你就会了解中世纪的贫民区大概是个什么样子。
Manyofthestreetsareagooddeallessthansixfeetwide,thehousesarecompletelywindowless,andsore-eyedchildrenclustereverywhereiunbelievablenumbers,likecloudsofflies.
很多街道远远不足6英尺宽，房屋根本没有窗户，眼睛肿痛的孩子成群结队，随处可见，像成群的苍蝇，
数也数不清。
Evenablindmansomewhereatthebackofoneoftheboothsheardarumourofcigarettesandcamecrawlingout,gropingintheairwithhishand.
甚至在后面的窝棚里的一个盲人听到要烟的吵嚷声也爬了出来，伸手在空中乱摸。
5.Ah,that’sonlyforshow!
They’reallmoneylendersreally.
噢！
那只不过是装样子罢了。
实际上他们都是些放贷获利的人。
6.Injustthesameway,acoupleofhundredyearsago,pooroldwomenusedtobeburnedforwitchcraftwhentheycouldnotevenworkenoughmagictogetthemselvesasquaremeal.
4
颇为相似的是，几百年前，有些可怜的老妇人常常被当成巫婆活活烧死，但事实上她们连为自己变出一顿
像样的饭菜的巫术都没有。
7.Ittakesinthedried-upsoil,thepricklypear,thepalmtreeandthedistantmountain,butitalways
missesthepeasanthoeingathispatch.
那干巴巴的土地，仙人掌，棕榈树和远方的山岭被尽收眼底，但在地里耕作的农民却往往没人看见。
8.MostofMoroccoissodesolatethatnowildanimalbiggerthanaharecanliveonit.
摩洛哥大部分土地都很荒凉，以至于那里生存的最大的野生动物就是野兔。
9.Exceptforadayortwoaftertherarerainstormsthereisneverenoughwater.
除了难得的暴雨之后的一两天之外，这里总是缺水。
10.Itseemstobegenerallythecaseinprimitivecommunitiesthatthewomen,whentheygetbeyondacertainage,shrinktothesizeofchildren.
在原始社会里，妇女超过了一定的年纪身材便会萎缩得如孩子般大小，这似乎是一个普遍现象。
LessonThree
1.Andyetthesamerevolutionarybeliefforwhichourforebearsfoughtisstillatissuearoundtheglobe....
OurancestorsfoughtarevolutionarywartoclaimallmenwerecreatedequalandGodhadendowedthemwithcertainunalienablerightswhichnostateorrulercouldtakeawayfromthem.However,todaythisissuehasnotyetbeensettledinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.
2.Thismuchwepledge---andmore.
Thismuchwepromisetodoandwepromisetodomore.
3.United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofcooperativeventures.
Unitedandworkingtogetherwecanaccomplishalotofthingsinalargenumberofjointundertakings.
4.....ourlastbesthopeinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefaroutpacedtheinstrumentsof
peace...
TheUnitedNationsisourlastandbesthopeofsurvivalinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefarsurpassedtheinstr
升级会员 