六级真题阅读答案补充版Word下载.docx

六级真题阅读答案补充版Word下载.docx

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Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

　　Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Childrenarenatural-bornscientists.Theyhave36minds,andtheyaren’tafraidtoadmittheydon’tknowsomething.Mostofthem,37losethisastheygetolder.Theybecomeself-consciousanddon’twanttoappearstupid.Insteadoffindingthingsoutforthemselvestheymake38thatoftenturnouttobewrong

　　Soit’snotacaseofgettingkidsinterestedinscience.Youjusthavetoavoidkillingthe39forlearningthattheywerebornwith.It’snocoincidencethatkidsstartdesertingscienceonceitbecomesformalized.Childrennaturallyhaveablurredapproachto40knowledge.Theyseelearningaboutscienceorbiologyorcookingasallpartofthesameact-it’salllearning.It’sonlybecauseofthepracticalitiesofeducationthatyouhavetostartbreakingdownthecurriculumintospecialistsubjects.Youneedtohavespecialistteacherswho41whattheyknow.Thusoncetheyenterschool,childrenbegintodefinesubjectsanderectboundariesthatneedn’totherwiseexist.

　　Dividingsubjectsintoscience,maths,English,etc.issomethingwedofor42.Intheendit’salllearning,butmanychildrentoday43themselvesfromascientificeducation.Theythinkscienceisforscientists,notforthem.

　　Ofcourseweneedtospecialize44.EachofushasonlysomuchtimeonEarth,sowecan’tstudyeverything.At5yearsold,ourfieldofknowledgeand45isbroad,coveringanythingfromlearningtowalktolearningtocount.Graduallyitnarrowsdownsothatbythetimeweare45,itmightbeonetinylittlecornerwithinscience.

　　注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　A）A）accidentally

　　B）acquiring

　　C）assumptions

　　D）convenience

　　E）eventually

　　F）exclude

　　G）exertion

　　H）exploration

　　I）formulas

　　J）ignite

　　K）impart

　　L）inquiring

　　M）passion

　　N）provoking

O）unfortunately

【答案】

36-L-inquiring37-O-unfortunately38-C-assumptions

39-M-passion40-B-acquiring41-K-impart

42-D-convenience43-F-exclude44-E-eventually

45-H-exploration

长篇阅读

【其中一个版本的答案】

HighSchoolSportsAren’tKillingAcademics

46-50JBDKH

51-55CLFAE

GrowingUpColored

46-50FDJCI

51-55MBHEG

【其中一个版本的题目及答案】

SectionB

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

　　[A]Foratleastthelastdecade,thehappinesscrazehasbeenbuilding.Inthelastthreemonthsalone,over1,000booksonhappinesswerereleasedonAmazon,includingHappyMoney,Happy-People-PillsForAll,and,forthosejuststartingout,HappinessforBeginners.

　　[B]Oneoftheconsistentclaimsofbooksliketheseisthathappinessisassociatedwithallsortsofgoodlifeoutcomes,including-mostpromisingly-goodhealth.Manystudieshavenotedtheconnectionbetweenahappymindandahealthybody-thehappieryouare,thebetterhealthoutcomesweseemtohave.Inameta-analysis（overview）of150studiesonthistopic,researchersputitlikethis:

“Inductionsofwell-beingleadtohealthyfunctioning,andinductionsofill-beingleadtocompromisedhealth.”

　　[C]Butanewstudy,justpublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences（PNAS）challengestherosypicture.Happinessmaynotbeasgoodforthebodyasresearchersthought.Itmightevenbebad.

　　[D]Ofcourse,it’simportanttofirstdefinehappiness.Afewmonthsago,Iwroteapiececalled“There’sMoretoLifeThanBeingHappy”aboutapsychologystudythatdugintowhathappinessreallymeanstopeople.Itspecificallyexploredthedifferencebetweenameaningfullifeandahappylife.

　　[E]Itseemsstrangethattherewouldbeadifferenceatall.Buttheresearchers,wholookedatalargesampleofpeopleoveramonth-longperiod,foundthathappinessisassociatedwithselfish“taking”behaviorandthathavingasenseofmeaninginlifeisassociatedwithselfless“giving”behavior.

　　[F]"

Happinesswithoutmeaningcharacterizesarelativelyshallow,self-absorbedorevenselfishlife,inwhichthingsgowell,needsanddesireareeasilysatisfied,anddifficultortaxingentanglementsareavoided,"

theauthorsofthestudywrote."

Ifanything,purehappinessislinkedtonothelpingothersinneed.”Whilebeinghappyisaboutfeelinggood,meaningisderivedfromcontributingtoothersortosocietyinabiggerway.AsRoyBaumeister,oneoftheresearchers,toldme,"

Partlywhatwedoashumanbeingsistotakecareofothersandcontributetoothers.Thismakeslifemeaningfulbutitdoesnotnecessarilymakeushappy.”

　　[G]ThenewPNASstudyalsoshedslightonthedifferencebetweenmeaningandhappiness,butonthebiologicallevel.BarbaraFredrickson,apsychologicalresearcherwhospecializesinpositiveemotionsattheUniversityofNorthCarolina-ChapelHill,andSteveCole,ageneticsandpsychiatricresearcheratUCLA,examinedtheself-reportedlevelsofhappinessandmeaningin80researchsubjects.

　　[H]Happinesswasdefined,asintheearlierstudy,byfeelinggood.Theresearchersmeasuredhappinessbyaskingsubjectsquestionslike“Howoftendidyoufeelhappy?

”“Howoftendidyoufeelinterestedinlife?

”and“Howoftendidyoufeelsatisfied?

”Themorestronglypeopleendorsedthesemeasuresof“hedonicwell-being,”orpleasure,thehighertheyscoredonhappiness.

　　[I]Meaningwasdefinedasanorientationtosomethingbiggerthantheself.Theymeasuredmeaningbyaskingquestionslike“Howoftendidyoufeelthatyourlifehasasenseofdirectionormeaningtoit?

”,“Howoftendidyoufeelthatyouhadsomethingtocontributetosociety?

”,and“Howoftendidyoufeelthatyoubelongedtoacommunity/socialgroup?

”Themorepeopleendorsedthesemeasuresof“eudaimonicwell-being”-or,simplyput,virtue-themoremeaningtheyfeltinlife.

　　[J]Afternotingthesenseofmeaningandhappinessthateachsubjecthad,FredricksonandCole,withtheirresearchcolleagues,lookedatthewayscertaingenesexpressedthemselvesineachoftheparticipants.LikeneuroscientistswhousefMRIscanningtodeterminehowregionsinthebrainrespondtodifferentstimuli,ColeandFredricksonareinterestedinhowthebody,atthegeneticlevel,respondstofeelingsofhappinessandmeaning.

　　[K]Cole’spastworkhaslinkedvariouskindsofchronicadversitytoaparticulargeneexpressionpattern.Whenpeoplefeellonely,aregrievingthelossofalovedone,orarestrugglingtomakeendsmeet,theirbodiesgointothreatmode.Thistriggerstheactivationofastress-relatedgenepatternthathastwofeatures:

anincreaseintheactivityofproinflammatorygenesandadecreaseintheactivityofgenesinvolvedinanti-viralresponses.

　　[L]ColeandFredricksonfoundthatpeoplewhoarehappybuthavelittletonosenseofmeaningintheirlives-proverbially,simplyherefortheparty-havethesamegeneexpressionpatternsaspeoplewhoarerespondingtoandenduringchronicadversity.Thatis,thebodiesofthesehappypeoplearepreparingthemforbacterialthreatsbyactivatingthepro-inflammatoryresponse.Chronicinflammationis,ofcourse,associatedwithmajorillnesseslikeheartdiseaseandvariouscancers.

　　[M]“Emptypositiveemotions”-likethekindpeopleexperienceduringmanicepisodesorartificiallyinducedeuphoriafromalcoholanddrugs-”areaboutasgoodforyouforasadversity,”saysFredrickson.

　　[N]It’simportanttounderstandthatformanypeople,asenseofmeaningandhappinessinlifeoverlap;

manypeoplescorejointlyhigh（orjointlylow）onthehappinessandmeaningmeasuresinthestudy.Butformanyothers,thereisadissonance-theyfeelthattheyarelowonhappinessandhighonmeaningorthattheirlivesareveryhighinhappiness,butlowinmeaning.Thislastgroup,whichhasthegeneexpressionpatternassociatedwithadversity,formedawhopping75percentofstudyparticipants.Onlyonequarterofthestudyparticipantshadwhattheresearcherscall“eudaimonicpredominance”-thatis,theirsenseofmeaningoutpacedtheirfeelingsofhappiness.

　　[O]Thisistoobadgiventhemorebeneficialgeneexpressionpatternassociatedwithmeaningfulness.Peoplewhoselevelsofhappinessandmeaninglineup,andpeoplewhohaveastrongsenseofmeaningbutarenotnecessarilyhappy,showedadeactivationoftheadversitystressresponse.Theirbodieswerenotpreparingthemforthebacterialinfectionsthatwegetwhenwearealoneorintrouble,butfortheviralinfectionswegetwhensurroundedbyalotofotherpeople.

　　[P]Fredrickson’spastresearch,describedinhertwobooks,PositivityandLove2.0,hasmappedthebenefitsofpositiveemotionsinindividuals.Shehasfoundthatpositiveemotionsbroadenaperson’sperspectiveandbufferspeopleagainstadversity.Soitwassurprisingtoherthathedonisticwell-being,whichisassociatedwithpositiveemotionsandpleasure,didsobadlyinthisstudycomparedwitheudaimonicwell-being.

　　[Q]“It’snottheamountofhedonichappinessthat’saproblem,”F