六级真题阅读答案补充版Word下载.docx

1、In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the

2、 corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Children are natural-born scientists. They have 36 minds, and they arent afraid to admit they

3、 dont know something. Most of them, 37 lose this as they get older. They become self-conscious and dont want to appear stupid. Instead of finding things out for themselves they make 38 that often turn out to be wrongSo its not a case of getting kids interested in science. You just have to avoid kill

4、ing the 39 for learning that they were born with. Its no coincidence that kids start deserting science once it becomes formalized. Children naturally have a blurred approach to 40 knowledge. They see learning about science or biology or cooking as all part of the same act-its all learning. Its only

5、because of the practicalities of education that you have to start breaking down the curriculum into specialist subjects. You need to have specialist teachers who 41 what they know. Thus once they enter school, children begin to define subjects and erect boundaries that neednt otherwise exist.Dividin

6、g subjects into science, maths, English ,etc. is something we do for 42 . In the end its all learning, but many children today 43 themselves from a scientific education. They think science is for scientists, not for them.Of course we need to specialize 44 . Each of us has only so much time on Earth,

7、 so we cant study everything. At 5 years old, our field of knowledge and 45 is broad, covering anything from learning to walk to learning to count. Gradually it narrows down so that by the time we are 45, it might be one tiny little corner within science.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A）A）accidentallyB）acquiring

8、C）assumptionsD）convenienceE）eventuallyF）excludeG）exertionH）explorationI）formulasJ）igniteK）impartL）inquiringM）passionN）provokingO）unfortunately【答案】36-L-inquiring 37-O-unfortunately 38-C-assumptions39-M-passion 40-B-acquiring 41-K-impart42-D-convenience 43-F-exclude 44-E-eventually45-H-exploration长篇阅读

9、【其中一个版本的答案】High School Sports Arent Killing Academics46-50 J B D K H51-55 C L F A EGrowing Up Colored46-50 F D J C I51-55 M B H E G 【其中一个版本的题目及答案】Section B In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the para

10、graphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.AFor at least the last decade, the happiness craze has been building. In

11、 the last three months alone, over 1,000 books on happiness were released on Amazon, including Happy Money, Happy-People-Pills For All, and, for those just starting out, Happiness for Beginners.BOne of the consistent claims of books like these is that happiness is associated with all sorts of good l

12、ife outcomes, including - most promisingly - good health. Many studies have noted the connection between a happy mind and a healthy body - the happier you are, the better health outcomes we seem to have. In a meta-analysis （overview） of 150 studies on this topic, researchers put it like this: “Induc

13、tions of well-being lead to healthy functioning, and inductions of ill-being lead to compromised health.”CBut a new study, just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences （PNAS） challenges the rosy picture. Happiness may not be as good for the body as researchers thought. It mi

14、ght even be bad.DOf course, its important to first define happiness. A few months ago, I wrote a piece called “Theres More to Life Than Being Happy” about a psychology study that dug into what happiness really means to people. It specifically explored the difference between a meaningful life and a h

15、appy life.EIt seems strange that there would be a difference at all. But the researchers, who looked at a large sample of people over a month-long period, found that happiness is associated with selfish “taking” behavior and that having a sense of meaning in life is associated with selfless “giving”

16、 behavior.FHappiness without meaning characterizes a relatively shallow, self-absorbed or even selfish life, in which things go well, needs and desire are easily satisfied, and difficult or taxing entanglements are avoided, the authors of the study wrote. If anything, pure happiness is linked to not

17、 helping others in need.” While being happy is about feeling good, meaning is derived from contributing to others or to society in a bigger way. As Roy Baumeister, one of the researchers, told me, Partly what we do as human beings is to take care of others and contribute to others. This makes life m

18、eaningful but it does not necessarily make us happy.”GThe new PNAS study also sheds light on the difference between meaning and happiness, but on the biological level. Barbara Fredrickson, a psychological researcher who specializes in positive emotions at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill

19、, and Steve Cole, a genetics and psychiatric researcher at UCLA, examined the self-reported levels of happiness and meaning in 80 research subjects.HHappiness was defined, as in the earlier study, by feeling good. The researchers measured happiness by asking subjects questions like “How often did yo

20、u feel happy?” “How often did you feel interested in life?” and “How often did you feel satisfied?” The more strongly people endorsed these measures of “hedonic well-being,” or pleasure, the higher they scored on happiness.IMeaning was defined as an orientation to something bigger than the self. The

21、y measured meaning by asking questions like “How often did you feel that your life has a sense of direction or meaning to it?”, “How often did you feel that you had something to contribute to society?”, and “How often did you feel that you belonged to a community/social group?” The more people endor

22、sed these measures of “eudaimonic well-being” - or, simply put, virtue - the more meaning they felt in life.JAfter noting the sense of meaning and happiness that each subject had, Fredrickson and Cole, with their research colleagues, looked at the ways certain genes expressed themselves in each of t

23、he participants. Like neuroscientists who use fMRI scanning to determine how regions in the brain respond to different stimuli, Cole and Fredrickson are interested in how the body, at the genetic level, responds to feelings of happiness and meaning.KColes past work has linked various kinds of chroni

24、c adversity to a particular gene expression pattern. When people feel lonely, are grieving the loss of a loved one, or are struggling to make ends meet, their bodies go into threat mode. This triggers the activation of a stress-related gene pattern that has two features: an increase in the activity

25、of proinflammatory genes and a decrease in the activity of genes involved in anti-viral responses.LCole and Fredrickson found that people who are happy but have little to no sense of meaning in their lives - proverbially, simply here for the party - have the same gene expression patterns as people w

26、ho are responding to and enduring chronic adversity. That is, the bodies of these happy people are preparing them for bacterial threats by activating the pro-inflammatory response. Chronic inflammation is, of course, associated with major illnesses like heart disease and various cancers.M“Empty posi

27、tive emotions” - like the kind people experience during manic episodes or artificially induced euphoria from alcohol and drugs - ”are about as good for you for as adversity,” says Fredrickson.NIts important to understand that for many people, a sense of meaning and happiness in life overlap; many pe

28、ople score jointly high （or jointly low） on the happiness and meaning measures in the study. But for many others, there is a dissonance - they feel that they are low on happiness and high on meaning or that their lives are very high in happiness, but low in meaning. This last group, which has the ge

29、ne expression pattern associated with adversity, formed a whopping 75 percent of study participants. Only one quarter of the study participants had what the researchers call “eudaimonic predominance” - that is, their sense of meaning outpaced their feelings of happiness.OThis is too bad given the mo

30、re beneficial gene expression pattern associated with meaningfulness. People whose levels of happiness and meaning line up, and people who have a strong sense of meaning but are not necessarily happy, showed a deactivation of the adversity stress response. Their bodies were not preparing them for th

31、e bacterial infections that we get when we are alone or in trouble, but for the viral infections we get when surrounded by a lot of other people.PFredricksons past research, described in her two books, Positivity and Love 2.0, has mapped the benefits of positive emotions in individuals. She has foun

32、d that positive emotions broaden a persons perspective and buffers people against adversity. So it was surprising to her that hedonistic well-being, which is associated with positive emotions and pleasure, did so badly in this study compared with eudaimonic well-being.Q“Its not the amount of hedonic happiness thats a problem,” F