语言学第8章.doc

语言学第8章.doc

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DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

1.Sociolinguisticsisthesub-disciplineoflinguisticsthatstudiessocialcontexts.F

2.Languageasameansofsocialcommunicationisahomogeneoussystemwithahomogeneousgroupofspeakers.F

3.Languageusevariesfromonespeechcommunitytoanother,fromoneregionalgrouptoanother,fromonesocialgrouptoanother,andevenfromoneindividualtoanother.T

4.Thegoalofsociolinguisticsistoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.T

5.Thelinguisticmarkersthatcharacterizeindividualsocialgroupsmayserveassocialmarkersofgroupmembership.T

6.Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,theterm“speechvariety”cannotbeusedtorefertostandardlanguage,vernacularlanguage,dialectorpidgin.F

7.Functionalspeechvarietiesareknownasregionaldialects.F

8.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammarandusesofvocabulary.F

9.Geographicalbarriersaretheonlysourceofregionalvariationoflanguage. F

10.Aperson’ssocialbackgroundsdonotexertashapinginfluenceonhischoiceoflinguisticfeatures.F

11.Twospeakersofthesamelanguageordialectusetheirlanguageordialectinthesameway.F

12.Everyspeakerofalanguageis,inastrictersense,aspeakerofadistinctidiolect.T

13.Thestandardlanguageisabetterlanguagethannonstandardlanguages.F

14.Alinguafrancacanonlybeusedwithinaparticularcountryforcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplewithdifferentlinguisticbackgrounds.F

15.Pidginsarelinguisticallyinferiortostandardlanguages.F

16.Apidginusuallyreflectstheinfluenceofthehigher,ordominant,languageinitslexiconandthatofthelowerlanguageintheirphonologyandoccasionallysyntax.T

17.Themajordifferencebetweenapidginandacreoleisthattheformerusuallyhasitsnativespeakerswhilethelatterdoesn’t.F

18.Bilingualismanddiglossiameanthesamething.F

19.Thekindofnameortermspeakersusetocallorrefertosomeonemayindicatesomethingoftheirsocialrelationshiptoorpersonalfeelingsaboutthatindividual.T

20.Theuseofeuphemismshastheeffectofremovingderogatoryovertonesandthedisassociativeeffectassuchisusuallylong-lasting.F

II.Fillineachoftheblanksbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

21.Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeechc___community_____.

22.Speechv_____variety____referstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.

23.Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,aspeechvarietyisnomorethanad_____dialectal_____varietyofalanguage.

24.Languagestandardizationisalsocalledlanguagep___planning____.

25.Socialvariationgivesrisetos__sociolects_______whicharesubdivisibleintosmallerspeechcategoriesthatreflecttheirsocioeconomic,educational,occupationalbackground,etc.

26.S_____Stylistic__variationinaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.

27.Aregionaldialectmaygainstatusandbecomestandardizedasthenationaloro____official____languageofacountry.

28.Thestandardlanguageisas_____superimposed____,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.

29.Languagevarietiesotherthanthestandardarecallednonstandard,orv____ vernacular___languages.

30.Apidgintypicallylacksini_inflectional__Idiolect

____morphemes.

31.Linguistictabooreflectss___    social　______taboo.

32.Theavoidanceofusingtaboolanguagemirrorssocialattitudes,emotionsandvaluejudgmentsandhasnol_____  linguistic____basis.

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:

33._______isconcernedwiththesocialsignificanceoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseindifferentspeechcommunities.

A.PsycholinguisticsB.Sociolinguistics

C.HistoricallinguisticsD.Generallinguistics

34.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisits_____.

A.useofwordsB.useofstructures

C.accentD.morphemes

35.____isspeechvariationaccordingtotheparticularareawhereaspeakercomesfrom.

A.RegionalvariationB.Languagevariation

C.SocialvariationD.Registervariation

36._______arethemajorsourceofregionalvariationoflanguage.

A.Geographicalbarriers

B.Loyaltytoandconfidenceinone’snativespeech

C.Physicaldiscomfortandpsychologicalresistancetochange

D.Socialbarriers

37._________meansthatcertainauthorities,suchasthegovernmentchoose,aparticularspeechvariety,standardizeitandspreadtheuseofitacrossregionalb