模具设计与制造外文翻译Word下载.docx

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MouldDesignandManufacturing

CADandCAMarewidelyappliedinmoulddesignandmouldmaking.CADallowsyoutodrawamodelonscreen,thenviewitfromeveryangleusing3-Danimatingand,finally,totestitbyintroducingvariousparametersintothedigitalsimulationmodels（pressure,temperature,impact,etc.）

CAM,ontheotherhand,allowsyoutocontrolthemanufacturingquality.Theadvantagesofthesecomputertechnologiesarelegion;

shorterdesigntimes（modificationscanbemadeatthespeedofthecomputer）.lowercost,fastermanufacturing,etc.Thisnewapproachalsoallowsshorterproductionruns,andtomakelast-minutechangestothemouldforaparticularpart.Finally,also,thesenewprocessescanbeusetomakecomplexparts.

Computer-AidedDesign（CAD）ofMould

Traditionally,thecreationofdrawingsofmouldtoolshasbeenatime-consumingtaskthatisnotpartofthecreativeprocess.Drawingsareanorganizationalnecessityratherthanadesiredpartoftheprocess.

Computer-AidedDesign（CAD）meansusingthecomputerandperipheraldevicestosimplifyandenhancethedesignprocess.CADsystemsofferanefficientmeansofdesign,andcanbeusetocreateinspectionequipment.CADdataalsocanplayacriticalroleinselectingprocesssequence.

ACADsystemconsistsofthreebasiccomponents;

hardware,software,

User,ThehardwarecomponentsofatypicalCADsystemincludeaprocessor,asystemdisplay,akeyboard,adigitizer,andaplotter.ThesoftwarecomponentofaCADsystemconsistsoftheprogramswhichallowittoperformdesignanddraftingfunctions.Theuseristhetooldesignerwhousesthehardwareandsoftwaretoperformthedesignprocess.

Basedonhe3-Ddataoftheproduct,thecoreandcavityhavetobedesignedfirst.Ussrallythedesignerbeginswithapreliminarypartdesign,whichmeanstheworkaroundthecoreandcavitycouldchange.ModernCADsystemscansupportthiswithcalculatingaspotlineforadefineddraftdirection,splittingthepartinthecoreandcavitysideandgeneratingtherun-offorshut-offtruefaces.Afterthecalculationoftheoptimaldraftofthepart,thepositionanddirectionofthecavity,slidesandinsertshavetobedefined.Then,intheconceptualstage,thepositionsandthegeometryofthemould–suchasslides,ejectionsystem,etc.–areroughlydefined.Withthisinformation,thesizeandthicknessoftheplatescanbedefinedandthecorrespondingstandardmouldthatcomesnearesttotherequirementsischosenandchangedaccordingly–byadjustingtheconstraintsandparamentersothatanynumberofplateswithanysizecanbeuseinthemould.Detailingthefunctionalcomponentsandaddingthestandardanysizecanbeusedinthemould.Detailingthefunctionalcompontntsandaddingthestandardcomponentscompletethemould.Thisallhappensin3D.Moreover,themouldsystemprovidefunctionsforthechecking,modifyinganddetailingofthepart.Alreadyinthisearlystage,drawingsandbillofmaterialscanbecreatedautomatically.

Throughtheuseof3Dandtheintelligenceofthemouldsystem,typical2Dmistakes–suchasacollisionbetweencoolingandcomponents/cavitiesorthewrongpositionofahole–canbeeliminatedatthebeginning.Atanystageabillofmaterialsanddrawingscanbecreated-allowingthematerialtobeorderedontimeandalwayshavinganactualdocumenttodiscusswiththecustomerorabidforamouldbasemanufacturer.

Theuseofaspecial3Dmoulddesignsystemcanshortendevelopmentcycles,improvemouldquality,enhanceteamworkandfreethedesignerfromtediousroutinework.Thedevelopmentcyclescanbeshortenedonlywhenorganizationandpersonnelmeasuresaretaken.Thepartdesign,moulddesign,electricdesignandmouldmanufacturingdepartmentshavetoconsistentlyworktogetherinatightrelationship.

Computer-AidedManufacturing（CAM）ofMould

Onewaytoreducethecostofmanufacturingandreducelead-timeisbysettingupamanufacturingsystemthatusesequipmentandpersonneltotheirfullestpotential.thefoundationforthistypeofmanufacturingsystemastheuseofCADdatatohelpinmaddingkeyprocessdecisionsthatultimatelyimprovemachiningprecisionandreducenon-productivetime.Thisiscalledascomputer-aidedmanufacturing（CAM）.TheobjectiveofCAMistoproduce,ifpossible,sectionsofamouldwithoutintermediatestepsbyinitiatingmachiningoperationsfromthecomputerworkstation.

WithagoodCAMsystem,automationdoesnotjustoccurwithinindividualfeatures.Atuomationofmachiningprocessesalsooccursbetweenallofthefeaturesmakeupapart,resultingintool-pathoptimization.Asyoucreatefeatures,theCAMsystemconstructsaprocessplanforyou.Operationsareorderedbasedonasystemanalysistoreducetoolchangesandthenumberoftoolsused.

OntheCAMsidethetrendistowardnewertechnologiesandprocessessuchasmicromillingtosupportthemanufacturingofhigh-precisioninjectionmouldswithcomplex3Dstructuresandhighsurfacequalities.CAMsoftwarewillcontinuetoaddtothedepthandbreadthofthemachiningintelligenceinherentinthesoftwareuntiltheCNCprogrammingprocessbecomescompletelyautomatic.ThisisespeciallytrueforadvancedmultifunctionmachinetoolsbecomescompletelyautomaticThisisespeciallytrueforadvancedmultifunctionmachinetoolsthatrequireamoreflexiblecombinationofmachiningoperations.CAMsoftwarewillcontinuetoautomatemoreandmoreofmanufacturingredundantworkthatcanbehandledfasterandmoreaccratrlybycomputers,whileretainingthecontrolthatmachinistsneed.

Withtheemphasisinthemouldmakingindustrytodayonproducingmouldsinthemostefficientmannerwhilestillmaintainingquality,moldmakersneedtokeepupwiththelatestsoftwaretechnologies-packagesthatwillallowthemtoprogramandcutcomplexmouldsquicklysothatmouldproductiontimecanbereduced.Inanutshell,theindustryismovingtowardimprovingthequalityofdataexchangebetweenCADandCAMaswellasCAMtotheCNC,andCAMsoftwareisbecomingmore“intelligent”asitrelatestomachiningprocesses-resultinginreductioninbothcycletimeandoverallmachiningtime.Five-axismachiningalsoisemergingasa“must-have”ontheshopfloor-especiallywhendealingwithdeepcavities.Andwiththeintroductionofelectronicdateprocessing（EDP）intothemouldmakingindustry,newopportunitieshaveariseninmould-makingtoshortenproductiontime,improvecostefficienciesandachievehigherquality.

TheScienceofmoldMaking

ThetraditionalmethodofmakinglargeautomotivesheetmetaldiesbymodelbuildingandtracinghasbeenreplacedbyCAD/CAMterminalsthatconvertmathematicaldescriptionsofbodypanelshapesintocutterpaths.TeledyneSpecialtyEquipment’sEfficientDieandMoldfacilityisoneofthecompaniesontheleadingedgeofthistransformation.

Onlyafewyearsago,thehugesteeldiesrequitedforstampingsheetmetalautobodypanelswerebuiltbystartingwithadetailedblueprintandanaccuratefull-scalemastermodelofthepart.Themodelwasthesourcefromwhichthetoolingwasdesignedandproduced.

Thedies,machinedfromcastings,werepreparedfrompatternsmadebythediemanutacturersorsomethingsuppliedbythecarmaker.Secondaryscalemodelscalled”tracingaids”weremadefromthemastermodelforuseonduplicatingmachineswithtracers.Thesemachinestracedthecontourofthescalemodelwithastylus,andtheinformationderivedguidedamillingcutterthatcarvedawayunwantedmetaltoduplicatetheshapeofthemodelinthesteelcasting.

Allthatischanging.Now,companiessuchasTeledyneSpecialtyEquipment’sEfficientDieandMoldoperationinIndependence,OH,workfromCADdatasuppliedbycustomerstogeneratecutterpathsformillingmachines,whichthenautomaticallycutthesheetmetaldiesandSMCcompressionmolds.

Althoughtheprocessisusedtomakebothsurfacesofthetool,thedrawdiestillrequiresatryoutand“benching”process.Also,theCADdatatypicallyencompassesjusttheorimarysurfaceofthetool,andsomemachinedsurfaces,suchasthehostsandwearpads,aretypicallypartofthemathsurface.

WilliamNordby,vicepresidentandbusinessmanagerofdiesandmoldsatTeledyne,saysthat“althoughnoonehastakenCAD/CAMtothepointofbuildingtheentiretool,itwilleventuallygointhatdirectionbecausethe“bigthrdd”wanttocompresscycletimesandaretryingtocuttheamountoftimethatittakestobuildthetooling.Tryout,becauseofthelackofdevelopmentonthedesignend,isstillaverytime-consumingart,andverymuchatrial-and-errorprocess.”

NoMoreModelsandTracingAids

Theresultstothisnewtechnologyareimpressive.Forexample,tolerancesaretighterandhandfinishingoftheprimarydiesurfacewithgrindershasallbutbeeneliminated.Thebigdifference,saysGaryKral,Teledyne’sdirectorofengineering,isthatthedimensionalcontrolhasradicallyimproved.Conventionalmethodsofmakingplastermoldsjustcouldn’tholdtolerancesbecauseofday-to-daytemperatureandhumidityvariations.”

ForSMCmoldstheprocessissoaccurate,andbecausethereisnospringbacklikethereiswhenstampingsheetmetal,tryoutsarenotalwaysrequired.SMCmoldsareapprovedbycustomersonaregulatebasiswithouteverrunningapart.SuchapprovalsarepossiblebecauseofTeledyne’sabilitytocheckthetoolsurfacebasedonmathematicalanalysisandguaranteethatitismadeexactlytotheoriginaldesigndata.

Becausemanualtrialsandprocesseshavebeeneliminated,Teledynehasbeenabletoconsiderforeignmarkets.”Theabilitytogetatoolapprovedbasedonthemathegivesustheoppo