模具设计与制造外文翻译Word下载.docx

1、Mould Design and ManufacturingCAD and CAM are widely applied in mould design and mould making.CAD allows you to draw a model on screen ,then view it from every angle using 3-D animating and ,finally ,to test it by introducing various parameters into the digital simulation models （pressure ,temperatu

2、re ,impact ,etc .）CAM ,on the other hand ,allows you to control the manufacturing quality .The advantages of these computer technologies are legion ;shorter design times （modifications can be made at the speed of the computer ）.lower cost ,faster manufacturing ,etc .This new approach also allows sho

3、rter production runs ,and to make last-minute changes to the mould for a particular part. Finally ,also ,these new processes can be use to make complex parts .Computer-Aided Design （CAD） of Mould Traditionally, the creation of drawings of mould tools has been a time-consuming task that is not part o

4、f the creative process. Drawings are an organizational necessity rather than a desired part of the process .Computer-Aided Design （CAD） means using the computer and peripheral devices to simplify and enhance the design process .CAD systems offer an efficient means of design ,and can be use to create

5、 inspection equipment .CAD data also can play a critical role in selecting process sequence .A CAD system consists of three basic components ;hardware ,software,User ,The hardware components of a typical CAD system include a processor ,a system display, a keyboard, a digitizer, and a plotter. The so

6、ftware component of a CAD system consists of the programs which allow it to perform design and drafting functions. The user is the tool designer who uses the hardware and software to perform the design process. Based on he 3-D data of the product, the core and cavity have to be designed first. Ussra

7、lly the designer begins with a preliminary part design ,which means the work around the core and cavity could change .Modern CAD systems can support this with calculating a spot line for a defined draft direction ,splitting the part in the core and cavity side and generating the run-off or shut-off

8、true faces .After the calculation of the optimal draft of the part, the position and direction of the cavity, slides and inserts have to be defined .Then, in the conceptual stage, the positions and the geometry of the mould such as slides, ejection system, etc. are roughly defined. With this informa

9、tion, the size and thickness of the plates can be defined and the corresponding standard mould that comes nearest to the requirements is chosen and changed accordingly by adjusting the constraints and paramenter so that any number of plates with any size can be use in the mould. Detailing the functi

10、onal components and adding the standard any size can be used in the mould. Detailing the functional compontnts and adding the standard components complete the mould. This all happens in 3D .Moreover ,the mould system provide functions for the checking, modifying and detailing of the part .Already in

11、 this early stage ,drawings and bill of materials can be created automatically.Through the use of 3D and the intelligence of the mould system, typical 2D mistakes such as a collision between cooling and components/cavities or the wrong position of a hole can be eliminated at the beginning. At any st

12、age a bill of materials and drawings can be created-allowing the material to be ordered on time and always having an actual document to discuss with the customer or a bid for a mould base manufacturer .The use of a special 3D mould design system can shorten development cycles, improve mould quality

13、,enhance teamwork and free the designer from tedious routine work .The development cycles can be shortened only when organization and personnel measures are taken. The part design, mould design, electric design and mould manufacturing departments have to consistently work together in a tight relatio

14、nship .Computer-Aided Manufacturing （CAM ） of Mould One way to reduce the cost of manufacturing and reduce lead-time is by setting up a manufacturing system that uses equipment and personnel to their fullest potential .the foundation for this type of manufacturing system as the use of CAD data to he

15、lp in madding key process decisions that ultimately improve machining precision and reduce non-productive time .This is called as computer-aided manufacturing （CAM）.The objective of CAM is to produce, if possible ,sections of a mould without intermediate steps by initiating machining operations from

16、 the computer workstation .With a good CAM system, automation does not just occur within individual features. Atuomation of machining processes also occurs between all of the features make up a part, resulting in tool-path optimization. As you create features, the CAM system constructs a process pla

17、n for you .Operations are ordered based on a system analysis to reduce tool changes and the number of tools used .On the CAM side the trend is toward newer technologies and processes such as micro milling to support the manufacturing of high-precision injection moulds with complex 3D structures and

18、high surface qualities. CAM software will continue to add to the depth and breadth of the machining intelligence inherent in the software until the CNC programming process becomes completely automatic. This is especially true for advanced multifunction machine tools becomes completely automatic This

19、 is especially true for advanced multifunction machine tools that require a more flexible combination of machining operations .CAM software will continue to automate more and more of manufacturing redundant work that can be handled faster and more accratrly by computers, while retaining the control

20、that machinists need. With the emphasis in the mould making industry today on producing moulds in the most efficient manner while still maintaining quality, mold makers need to keep up with the latest software technologies-packages that will allow them to program and cut complex moulds quickly so th

21、at mould production time can be reduced .In a nutshell, the industry is moving toward improving the quality of data exchange between CAD and CAM as well as CAM to the CNC ,and CAM software is becoming more “intelligent” as it relates to machining processes-resulting in reduction in both cycle time a

22、nd overall machining time .Five-axis machining also is emerging as a “must-have” on the shop floor-especially when dealing with deep cavities. And with the introduction of electronic date processing （EDP） into the mould making industry, new opportunities have arisen in mould-making to shorten produc

23、tion time, improve cost efficiencies and achieve higher quality. The Science of mold MakingThe traditional method of making large automotive sheet metal dies by model building and tracing has been replaced by CAD/CAM terminals that convert mathematical descriptions of body panel shapes into cutter p

24、aths.Teledyne Specialty Equipments Efficient Die and Mold facility is one of the companies on the leading edge of this transformation. Only a few years ago, the huge steel dies requited for stamping sheet metal auto body panels were built by starting with a detailed blueprint and an accurate full-sc

25、ale master model of the part. The model was the source from which the tooling was designed and produced.The dies, machined from castings, were prepared from patterns made by the die manutacturers or something supplied by the car maker. Secondary scale models called” tracing aids” were made from the

26、master model for use on duplicating machines with tracers. These machines traced the contour of the scale model with a stylus, and the information derived guided a milling cutter that carved away unwanted metal to duplicate the shape of the model in the steel casting.All that is changing. Now, compa

27、nies such as Teledyne Specialty Equipments Efficient Die and Mold operation in Independence, OH, work from CAD data supplied by customers to generate cutter paths for milling machines, which then automatically cut the sheet metal dies and SMC compression molds.Although the process is used to make bo

28、th surfaces of the tool, the draw die still requires a tryout and “benching” process. Also, the CAD data typically encompasses just the orimary surface of the tool, and some machined surfaces, such as the hosts and wear pads, are typically part of the math surface.William Nordby, vice president and

29、business manager of dies and molds at Teledyne, says that “although no one has taken CAD/CAM to the point of building the entire tool, it will eventually go in that direction because the “big thrdd” want to compress cycle times and are trying to cut the amount of time that it takes to build the tool

30、ing. Tryout, because of the lack of development on the design end, is still a very time-consuming art, and very much a trial-and-error process.”No More Models and Tracing AidsThe results to this new technology are impressive. For example, tolerances are tighter and hand finishing of the primary die

31、surface with grinders has all but been eliminated. The big difference, says Gary Kral, Teledynes director of engineering, is that the dimensional control has radically improved. Conventional methods of making plaster molds just couldnt hold tolerances because of day-to-day temperature and humidity v

32、ariations.”For SMC molds the process is so accurate , and because there is no spring back like there is when stamping sheet metal, tryouts are not always required.SMC molds are approved by customers on a regulate basis without ever running a part .Such approvals are possible because of Teledynes abi

33、lity to check the tool surface based on mathematical analysis and guarantee that it is made exactly to the original design data.Because manual trials and processes have been eliminated, Teledyne has been able to consider foreign markets.” The ability to get a tool approved based on the mathe gives us the oppo