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office.
adj.精神紧张的(事情正在发生)
worried:
(为以后的事情)担心
upset:
不安的(事情发生以后)
He
did
not
look
up
from
desk
entered.
Lookup原意“查字典”但在这里不是哦
up:
朝上看
down:
朝下看
down
upon/on
sb:
瞧不起某人(贬义词)
After
had
sat
down,he
said
that
business
was
bad.
the
firm
could
afford
to
pay
such
large
salaries.
v.负担得起注意:
一定要加情态动词can
sth:
I
can
book.
money/time:
five
yuan.
do
buy
salary工资wage
如此:
sosuch
so的后面加形容词或副词sopretty
such的后面加名词,允许在该名词前加修饰词suchaprettygirl
Twenty
people
already
left.I
knew
my
turn
come.
My
has
come.(书面语)It'
s
turn.(口语)
Turn复习回顾下:
Turn(lesson11)
vt.&
vi.使转动;
旋转;
使改变方向;
使变为;
n.翻转;
(路线或方向的)改变;
机会;
关于turn的词组
inturn轮流,依次
turnoff关掉,关闭;
拐弯,使转变方向
turnon打开,发动
turnup出现;
发生;
开大;
发现;
卷起;
使仰卧
turndown拒绝;
向下
turnintov.变成;
进入
turnout生产;
结果是;
关掉;
出动;
驱逐
turnover移交给;
翻阅;
把…翻过来;
发动;
营业额达到;
反复考虑
turnleftv.向左转
turnrightv.向右转
turnaround船只留港
turnin交上;
归还;
拐入;
告发;
[口]上床睡觉
turnback往回走;
阻挡;
翻回到
turnouttobe结果是;
原来是
turnfrom对…感到厌恶
yourturn轮到你;
该你了
turnaway避开;
解雇;
不准…入内;
走开;
转过脸
turnround转身,转向;
归航;
回车道;
转变
byturns轮流;
交替
'
Mr
Harmsworth.'
in
a
weak
voice.
...
voice
loud/low/weak/strong
low:
音量低;
weak:
心里不塌实,虚弱的
illsick
三个词都有形容词词性。
weak意思是虚弱的
sick,生病的。
既可做表语又可做定语,如Themanissick(表语),thesickman(定语)
ill,生病的。
只能做表语,如Themanisill,而不能说theillman.
当做定语时,可用thesickman,而不能用theillman.
Don'
t
interrupt.'
he
said.
interrupt
v.插话,打断
n.interruption
disturb
打扰某人
打断某人的话
Then
he
smiled
and
receive
an
extra
thousand
pounds
year!
extra额外的
extra,other,more,another
最灵活的是more
more可以放在数词和名词之间,甚至可以放在整个名词的后面
fivemoreapplesFiveapplesmore
extra和other一定放在数词和名词之间,another一定放在数词前面
Extra/other
poundsAnotherfive
记住几个短语:
one
thousand;
two
others;
once
more;
another
three
days
pounds英镑
฿baht泰国铢₫đồng越南盾
€euro欧元£
pound英镑
₩won韩元¥
yen日元
$dollar美元
Lesson
15
语法
直接引语变间接引语
I.
概念:
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。
直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号“”标出,叫做直接引语;
用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要引号这叫做间接引语,实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句(其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外,其转换后是不定式)。
那么直接引语为①陈述句、②一般疑问句、③特殊疑问句和④祈使句,转换为间接引语时,句子的a结构,b人称、c时态、d时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化,如何变化呢?
II.
结构变化
主句动词的变化
一般说来,主句谓语动词常为said或said
to,变为间接引语时,当直接引语是陈述句时,said变为said
(that),而said
sb.则变为told
sb.。
当直接引语是一般疑问句,则要变为asked
/
asked
sb.+
if
whether
当直接引语是特殊疑问句,要变为asked
what等特殊疑问词引导的句子。
例如:
Black
said,
“I'
m
busy.”→
busy.
ll
go
your
farm
tomorrow,”
her.
→He
her
next
day.
“Are
you
ready?
”
(us)
we
were
ready.
“What
want
do?
what
wanted
do.
III.
从句人称的变化
由直接引语变间接引语时,从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。
1直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。
2如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。
③如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时,人称不变。
1They
“We
will
there
by
bus.”
→They
they
bus.
2
She
me,
interested
science?
→She
science.
3His
mother
“He
can'
school.”
→His
couldn'
school.
IV.从句动词时态的变化
1.
直接引语变为间接引语时,如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。
says,
“I
have
finished
homework.”
says
homework
say,
it
tomorrow.”
say
she'
day.
2.
如果主句的时态是一般过去时,从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。
①一般现在时→一般过去时;
②一般过去时→过去完成时;
③现在进行时→过去进行时;
④现在完成时→过去完成时;
⑤一般将来时→过去将来时;
⑥过去完成时→过去完成时(不变);
⑦过去进行时→过去进行时(不变)。
例如:
girl
sorry
for
being
late.”
→The
she
late.
am
writing
letter.”
letter.
3.
直接引语如果是客观事实或真理,变为间接引语时,从句时态不变。
teacher
“The
earth
moves
around
sun.”
sun.
练习:
将下列句子由直接引语变为间接引语。
1、He
“Mother,
boy
is
naughty.”
2、He
left
book
room.”
3、Kitty
“I’ll
call
again
after
supper
this
evening.”
4、She
come
here
tonight.”
5、He
arrived
yesterday
morning.”
6、She
“My
sister
be
back
tomorrow
7、“The
children
better
bed
early,”
said.
8、He
lost
umbrella.”
9、Paul
“I’m
trying
get
taxi.”
10.
11.
days
ago,
but
now.”
12.“I
happy
visit
factory,”
.
13.“He
few
weeks
came
yesterday,”
14.“I’ve
bought
new
car
you,”
me.
15.“I
joined
League
2000,”
Xiao
Li
16.She
Mary,
saw
yesterday.”
II.每空一词:
having
supper,”
_______
supper.
“I’ve
seen
film,”
Gina
film.
home
with
sister,”
sister.
4.
sun
bigger
than
moon.”
moon.
5.
met
day
_______.
6.
“You
must
before
five,”
five.
7.
computer
two
ago,”
8.
sit
here,
Jim.”
Jim
9.
found
wallet.”
______
wallet.
took
me.”
her.
16
Apoliterequest
request
n.要求;
需要;
所请求的事物;
申请书;
vt.(下级对上级的)请求;
请求得到;
索取;
邀请[常接不定式或从句];
If
park
wrong
place,
traffic
policeman
willsoon
find
it.
v.停放(汽车)parking
area
停车场
no
parking
:
禁止停车(标志)
n.交通
police
交通警
lights
交通灯
lights=crossing/turning:
十字路口(听力中常考)
(in)
jam
交通堵塞
heave
交通拥挤
findlookforfindout
一定会作复数看待
You
lucky
lets
without
aticket.
没有Lucky幸运地
allow&
let
allowsb.todosth.(较为正式) sb.isallowedtodosth.
letsb.dosth.(通常不用于被动语态)
我们不允许大家在教室里吸烟。
Wedon’tallowpeopletosmokeintheclassroom.
我会让你用我的字典的。
Iwillletyouusemydictionary.
Compare:
1)Pleaseallowmetobuyyouadrink.
请让我给你买一杯酒。
(听起来显得客气,庄重)
1)Letmebuyyouadrink.
让我来给你买一杯酒。
(听起来更亲切,随便)
However,
does
always
happen.
However&
but
1.however作副词用时,表示“然而;
但是”,可以位于句首、句中和句末;
位于句首时,要用逗号与句子其它部分隔开;
位于句中时,其前后都要用逗号;
位于句末时其前用逗号分开。
Shefeltill.Shewenttowork,however,andtriedtoconcentrate.
她病了。
然而她照旧去上班,并且尽力集中精神工作。
2.however与but两者都做“但是,然而”讲,做连词使用,而且都引出并列句。
从语义上看,but所表示的是非常明显的对比,转折的意味较强。
从语序上看,but总是位于所引出的分句之首,而however却可位于句首、句中和句末,同时从标点符号上看,but之后一般不得使用逗号,而however则必须用逗号与句子其它部分分开。
Ithoughtthosefigureswerecorrect.However,Ihaverecentlyheardtheywerenot.
我原以为那些数字正确无误,不过我最近听说并不正确。
Happen发生takeplace发生
1).takeplace表示“发生、举行、举办”,一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”,即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排,例如:
TheOlympicGamesof2008willtakeplaceinBeijing.
(2).happen作“发生、碰巧”解,一般用于偶然或突发性事件,例如:
Whathappenedtoyou?
(一般不说:
Whatdidyouhappen?
)
happento碰巧
基本句式为:
1.sb.+happen+todo
2.it+happen+that
Ihappenedtoseehimonmywayhome.=IthappenedthatIsawhimonmywayhome.
Traffic
aresometimes
polite.During
holiday
Sweden,
thisnote
on
car,‘sir,
welcome
our
city.This
“noparking”
area.
note
n.便条;
纸钞take/make
notes
做笔记
n.地段;
场地(一块地方)
enjoy
stay
attentionto
out
street
signs.
attentionto注意
This
only
reminder.
reminder
n.提示(可以致人、也可指物)
Remind:
v.指示;
提醒,表示使…想起,或“记起,提醒”
remindsb.todo.
Remindsb.ofsth.
我提醒他寄信。
Iremindedhimtoposttheletter.
这张照片使我想起了他的父亲。
Thisphotoremindsmeofhisfather.
arequest
like
this,
cannot
fail
obey
it!
Receiveaccept复习回顾下区别
v.无视;
忘记,失败
fail+宾语
失败做某事
doing
sth
在某些方面失败
没有能够做某事
swim
across
ri