汉英翻译中的归化与异化分析Word文件下载.docx
《汉英翻译中的归化与异化分析Word文件下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《汉英翻译中的归化与异化分析Word文件下载.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
sInvisibility:
AHistoryofTranslationhasmadehugecontributionstotheunderstandingoftranslation.However,thetranslatedworkofthesameoneisvarioustodiversetranslators,justlikethewordsgoes:
thereareathousandHamletsinthousandpeople’seyes.Amongthesundryversions,wewouldalwaysdiscoverthefinedistinctionthroughcarefulandconsiderablereading.
Domesticationandforeignizationaretwodistincttranslationstrategies.Thispaperpresentstherelationofsupplementingeachother,andemphasizesonthedescriptionofthedistinctembodimentofthetwodifferenttheoriesininter-translationofChineseandEnglish,todiscussthesimilaritiesanddifferencesandinfluencesinordertofurtherimprovetranslationundertakings.
Keywords:
domestication;
foreignization;
similaritiesanddifferences;
influences;
embodiment
摘要
郭沫若先生曾说:
翻译是一种创造性工作,好的翻译等于创作,甚至还可能超过创作。
这不是一件平庸的工作,有时候翻译比创作还要困难。
创作要有生活体验,翻译却要体验别人体验的生活。
在当代,随着经济与社会的发展,跨语言间的互译在国内及国际交往中发挥着越来越重要的作用。
中西方的翻译理论在长期的学术交流中发挥着不可磨灭的作用。
然而当前人们对于翻译或者相关的翻译理论认识却不足。
韦努蒂先生在《译者的隐身》一文中提出了归化和异化的观点,使人们对翻译的认识有了一个很大的进步。
然而对同一作品各个译家翻译也不同,正如那句话说的:
一千个人眼里有一千个哈姆雷特。
在各种版本的译文中,细心研读我们总可以发现细微不同。
归化和异化是处理语言风格与文化差异的两种不同的翻译策略,本文用实例展示了两者在翻译过程中相辅相成、并用互补与共存的辩证统一的关系,着重从两种不同的翻译方法在中英双语互译时的不同体现描述,探讨异同以促进翻译事业的进步。
关键词:
异化;
归化;
异同;
影响;
体现
Contents
Chapter1Introduction
Thecommunicationamongthecountrieshasbecomemuchmoreimportantthaneveralongwiththeeconomicdevelopmentoftheglobe.Translation,especiallybetweencross-languagetranslation,hasbeenplayingacrucialroleinpromotingthecooperationandculturalexchangeasawaytocommunication.Therelationofdomesticationandforeignization,asastrategyandmeans,oncepuzzledmanytranslators.Ithasbeendiscussedinarticlesissuedonthedomesticandforeignlanguagejournalsormagazines,thosearticlesarededicatedintothediscussionthatthetwostrategiesshallbeappliedintothetranslationandthepractice.Someofthemoperatefromastrategicallyadvantageousposition,makingasummaryfromtherespectofliteraltranslationandfreetranslation,nomatterinwhatrespecttheyhavemadegreatcontributiontobroadenthestudyofdomesticationandforeignization.
Andyet,therestillexistsomemisunderstandingsinthediscussionamongtranslators.Schleiermacherbelievesthattranslationcanbedividedintotwomethods:
oneisleavetheauthorinpeace,asmuchaspossible,andmovethereadertowardtheauthor;
anotherisleavethereaderinpeace,asmuchaspossible,movetheauthortowardthereader.InChina,theprinciple–faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance-proposedbyYanFuhasagreatinfluenceonChinesetranslators.Whilein1987,LiuKaiyingpublishedthearticle–Domestication–Translator’sAstrayinModernForeignLanguage,pointingthatdomesticationisanastraywhentranslating,thusheenergeticallyadvocatedtheforeignizingtranslation.Onthecontrary,CaiPinghelddifferentideathatdomesticationshouldmainlybethestrategytotranslation,believingthatthepurposeoftranslationiscommunicationinordertomakethereadersunderstandtheoriginalmeaning,thusdomesticatingtranslationcanbedeterminedbytheessenceandpurposeofthetranslation.
Besides,someholdtheideathatdomesticationandforeignizationareequaltoliteraltranslationandfreetranslation,wronglyrealizedthattherelationsofliteraturestrategy&
culturalideologyandlanguagestrategy&
translationskill,whichmayimpedetheresearchofdomesticationandforeignization.
Thepapercanbedividedintofiveparts.Thefirstpartistheintroductionwhichpresentsthebackgroundandthepurposeofthestudy.Inthesecondpart,somerelevantissuesonthedefinitionoftranslation,domesticationandforeignizationarediscussed.Inthethirdpart,therelationsbetweendomesticationandforeignizationandtheirinfluencesontranslationundertakingsarerepresented.Inthefourthpart,domesticationandforeignizationareexemplifiedbasedonsomeclassicmasterpieces.Thelastpartistheconclusion.
Chapter2DebateonDomesticationandForeignization
ThewesterntranslationtheoryhasbeenmuchdevelopedandvariedsincethebeginningofCiceroandHoratius,meanwhile,thetranslationtheoryofChinacanbetracedbacktoZhoudynasty,andithasbeenmorethan2000yearssincetheappearanceofthefirsttranslationofthepoem–TheSongofYuePeople.However,thedefinitionisvariousindifferentagesandamongdistinctschools,thusaquestioncanneverbeignoredandavoidediswhattranslationis.
ItisdefinedinsuchawayinCihai(adictionaryonChineselanguage):
Translationisthatconveyawordorlanguagebyusingthemeaningofanotherone.
InConciseOxfordEnglishDictionary,translationisdefined:
a.theactofaninstanceoftranslating.b.awrittenorspokenexpressionofthemeaningofaword,speech,book,etc.inanotherlanguage.
EugeneNidabelieves:
Translationistousethemostappropriate,naturalandequivalentlanguagetoreproducethesourcelanguagemessagefromthesemantictothestylistic.SusanBassnetholdstheopinionthattranslationisofcoursearewritingofanoriginaltext.
InChina,thewidelyacceptedtranslationtheoryistheoneproposedbyMr.YanFu–faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance.Whileinwesterncountries,LawrenceVenutimadegreatcontributiontomakepeoplebetterunderstandtheworkoftranslationbyputtingforward–domesticationandforeigniztion.
2.1DefinitionofDomesticationandForeignization
LawrenceVenuti,afamousAmericantranslator,wasthefirstpersontointroducedomesticationandforeignizationinhisbook-TheTranslator'
AHistoryofTranslation.Hesaidthat"
foreignizationisanapproachthatthetranslatorleavestheauthorinpeaceasmuchaspossible,andmovesthereadertowardshim"
;
whiledomesticationisonethatthetranslator"
leavesthereaderinpeaceasmuchaspossible,andmovestheauthortowardshim"
[1]inthebook.Bydevelopingthesetwoterms,Venutimeanttoargueagainstthetendencyofthetransparenttranslationandinvisibilityofthetranslator.Thus,itcanbeconcludedthatdomesticationreferstothetarget-culture-orientedtranslationinwhichunusualexpressionstothetargetcultureareexploitedandturnedintosomefamiliaronessoastomakethetranslatedtextintelligibleandeasyforthetargetreaders,whileforeignizationisasource-culture-orientedtranslationwhichstrivestopreservetheforeignflavorasmuchaspossibleinordertotransferthesourcelanguageandcultureintothetargetone.
2.2DebateonDomesticationandForeignization
Thedebateonforeignizationordomesticationcanbeviewedastheextensionofthedebateon"
literaltranslation"
and"
freetranslation"
.Aliteraltranslationisatranslationthatfollowscloselynotonlythecontentbutalsotheformofthesourcelanguage.Itisalsoknownasword-for-wordtranslation,andtranslatorsengagedinliteralismhavebeenwillingtosacrificetheformalelementsofthetargetlanguageandeventheintelligibilityofthetargetlanguagetextforthesakeofpreservingwhattheyregardastheintegrityofthesourcetext.Whilethosewhofavorfreetranslationhavequiteoftenchosentosacrificetheformofthesourcelanguageforthesakeofeleganceandintelligibilityinthetargetlanguage.
Thetwopairsofstrategiessharesomesimilarities.literaltranslationandforeignizationputemphasisonthelinguisticandstylisticfeaturesofthesourcetext,andthetargettexttranslatedinthesewaysmaynotbeverysmoothinlanguageandthecontentmaynotbefamiliartothetargetreaders,sotheymayfeelforeignwhenreadingthetranslation,whilefreetranslationanddomesticationpaymoreattentiontothetargetaudience,becauseofthesmoothsentences,thefamiliarexpressionsandculturalphenomena,sometimesthetargetreadersmaynotrealizethattheyareactuallyreadingatranslatedtextfromanotherculture.However,thisdoesnotmeanthetwopairsarejustone.Therearesomedifferencesbetweenthem.Whenatranslatorresortstoeitherliteraltranslatingmethodorfreetranslatingmethod,heputshisattentionmainlytothelinguisticfactorsofthesourcetextandtrieshisutmosttokeeptheoriginalmeaninginthetargettext.Butwiththedevelopmentofthetranslationstudies,plentyoftranslatorsandtheoristshaverealizedthattranslationisafarmorecomplicatedactivitywithvariouscultural,poetic,politicalaswellaseconomicfactorsrelatedtoit.Therefore,foreignizationanddomesticationareapairofnewtranslationstrategieswhicharemorecomplexandextensivethanliteraltranslationandfreetranslationmethod.
Domesticationandforeignization,onacertaindegree,arecomplementarytoeachotherandadialecticalunity.