积极引导农民和农机社会化服务组织发展农业机械化文档格式.docx
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本文通过对沛县农业机械化的发展与农民增收关系的调查分析,发现农民增收的根本是提高劳动生产率、农业机械是提高农业劳动生产率的关键,因此,农业机械化也是确保农民增收的一条重要途径。
而近几年,国家出台了一系列支农惠农政策,尤其是农机购置补贴政策出台后,沛县农业机械事业一路飞速发展,彻底改变了几千年的“面朝黄土背朝天,一年到头泥为伴”的传统农业生产方式,农民收入也实现直升式增长。
同时农民的增收让他们认识到机械化的好处,提高他们购买农机的热情,在某种情况下,又推动了农业机械化的进程。
这两者之间相辅相成,互相促进。
因此,推进农业机械化、促进农民增收要用科学发展观加以指导,依靠政府的支持的调控力度,使二者的关系和谐发展。
ComradeMAOzedongoncesaid:
"
thefundamentalwayoutforagricultureliesinmechanization.Generalsecretaryhujintaopointedoutthattospeeduptheagriculturaldevelopmentmodechangeandimprovethelevelofagriculturalmodernizationinanall-roundway.Thecentralfileno.1,pointsoutthattoimprovetheoverallequipmentlevelofmodernagriculture,promoteagriculturaldevelopmentmodechange,tospeedupthedevelopmentofagriculturalmechanization.Theparty'
s16thnationalcongressproposed"
overallplanningurbanandruraleconomicandsocialdevelopment,buildmodernagriculture,developruraleconomyandincreasefarmers'
income,isamajortaskofbuildingawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway"
.Peixiancountyisthemostlargeagriculturalcountyinthenorthofjiangsu,1.2millionpopulation,peasantsaccountedfor900000.Butin2007-2009,peixiancountypercapitanetincomeoffarmersinthreeconsecutiveyearsincreasesby15.0%,thefirstinnorthjiangsu.Thisarticlethroughtopeixiancountyagriculturalmechanizationdevelopmentofincreasingfarmers'
incomeinrelationtotheresearchandanalysis,findtherootofthefarmers'
incomeistoimprovelaborproductivity,agriculturalmachineryisthekeytoimproveagriculturallaborproductivity,somechanizationofagricultureisanimportantwaytoensurefarmers'
income.Inrecentyears,thestatehasstagedaseriesoffavorablepoliciesforsupportingagriculture,especiallyafterthefarmmachinerypurchasesubsidypolicy,peixiancountyagriculturalmachineryenterpriserapiddevelopment,allthewaycompletelychangedforthousandsofyearsof"
facingtheloessback,cultivatesthemudalltheyearround"
ofthetraditionalagriculturalmodeofproduction,farmers'
incomeandrealizeverticalgrowth.Atthesametimethebenefitsofthefarmers'
incometorealizemechanization,improvingtheenthusiasmofagriculturalmachinerytheybuy,insomecases,andpromotedtheprocessoftheagriculturalmechanization.Betweenthetwocomplementeachother,promoteeachother.Therefore,promotetheagriculturalmechanization,promotethefarmers'
incomewiththeconceptofscientificdevelopmenttoguide,relyonthegovernment'
scontrolpowersupport,makestheharmoniousdevelopmentoftworelations.
1提高农业机械化水平是促进农民增收的一条重要途径
1,improvethelevelofagriculturalmechanizationisanimportantwayofpromotingfarmers'
income
1.1农业机械化提高了劳动生产效率,促使农民增收先进的农业机械,替代了千百年来传统的手工劳动。
农业机械作业可以提高耕作质量、完成人畜力无法完成的作业,争抢农时,进而延长生长期,确保适时有效播种、收获,提高作物单位面积产量。
它既改善了劳动条件,减轻了劳动强度,又从根本上提高了劳动生产率,把大批农村劳动力从繁重的务农作业中解放出来,为调整农村产业结构,发展农村经济提供了充分条件。
发展农村经济的最终目的是为了增加农民收入,只有大批劳动力才能从田间生产中解放出来,农村经济才能全面发展,农民收入才能有效的增加。
1.1agriculturalmechanizationtoimprovethelaborproductionefficiency,increasingfarmers'
incomeofadvancedagriculturalmachinery,replacedinonethousandbythetraditionalmanuallabor.Agriculturalmachineryoperationcanimprovethequalityofcultivation,personsinvolvedanimalcan'
tdohomework,foraseason,andthenextendthegrowthperiod,toensuretimelyandeffectiveplanting,harvest,increasecropyieldperunitarea.Itimprovedtheworkingconditions,reducethelaborintensity,andfundamentallyimprovethelaborproductivity,thelargenumberofrurallaborforcefromheavyfarmingoperations,fortheadjustmentofruralindustrialstructure,providessufficientconditionsforthedevelopmentofruraleconomy.Theultimategoalofdevelopingtheruraleconomytoincreasefarmers'
income,onlyalargenumberoflaborcanbeliberatedfromthefieldproduction,ruraleconomytodevelopinanall-roundway,tobeeffectiveinthefarmers'
incomeincrease.
农业机械化生产大幅度提高了农业劳动生产率,为农村富裕劳动力多形式、多层次地向非农产业转移,增加收入创造了条件。
调查分析,近年来,沛县大批劳动力外出务工,农业劳动力季节性短缺问题愈来愈突出,排水板传统手工割麦、插秧农民中,年龄45~60岁的妇女占80.0%以上,平均每667m2手插秧费用150元,成本大,费工时。
因此,种植、收割机械化,解决了生产劳动力短缺问题,提高了沛县劳动生产率,减轻了劳动强度。
Greatlyimprovedtheagriculturallaborproductivity,agriculturalmechanizationproductionformulti-formandmulti-levelruralrichlaborshifttonon-agriculturalindustries,increasetheirincome.Peixiancountyisthemostlargeagriculturalcountyinthenorthofjiangsu,1.2millionpopulation,peasantsaccountedfor900000.Investigationandanalysis,inrecentyears,peixiancountylargenumberofmigrantworkerslaborforce,seasonalagriculturallaborshortageproblemincreasinglyprominent,thetraditionalmanualpassage,plantingfarmersintheageof45~60yearsoldwomenaccountedformorethan80.0%,onaverageevery667m2handplantingcost667yuan,thecostislarge,whenthework.Therefore,planting,harvestingmechanization,solvetheproblemoflaborshortage,theproduction,improvethepeixiancountylaborproductivity,reducethelaborintensity.
1.2农业机械化促进了农产品加工转化增值,促使农民增收沛县是江苏最北部的农业大县,近年来,沛县依据资源优势,因地制宜地创建了一批农副产品生产基地。
西部大沙河两岸建成了1.00万hm2红富士苹果、酥梨生产基地,东部微山湖畔建成了8个乡镇连片的优质无公害稻米生产基地和水产品养殖、浅水藕生产基地,中部市县公路和县乡公路两侧硅油建成了包括3万栋日光能温室、0.67万hm2大棚、0.40万hm2特菜,总面积达3.67万hm2的蔬菜生产基地;
还在各乡镇建成了上百个鸡鸭牛羊兔及特种养殖在内的养殖基地。
基地建设,使全县形成了多种特色经济规模化发展新优势。
1.2promotethetransformationoftheagriculturalproductsprocessingvalue-addedagriculturalmechanization,promptingpeixiancountyofincreasingfarmers'
incomeisthemostlargeagriculturalcountyinthenorthofjiangsu,inrecentyears,peixiancountyonthebasisofresourceadvantage,adjustmeasurestolocalconditionstocreateabatchofproductionbaseofagriculturalandsidelineproducts.ShahewestregionsacrosstheTaiwanstraitbuilt10000hm2Fujiapple,showedproductionbase,theeasternbeautifiulweishanlakebuilteightvillagesandtownsshallhigh-qualitypollution-freericeproductionbaseandaquaticproductsbreeding,JianShuiOuproductionbase,thecentralcitiesandcountiesonbothsidesoftheroadandcountyroadbuiltincluding30000focusthegreenhouses,greenhouse,06700hm204000hm2TeCai,atotalareaof36700hm2vegetableproductionbase;
Alsoinallthetownsbuilthundredsofchickens,ducksandspecialaquaculture,cattleandsheeprabbitbreedingbase.Baseconstruction,thecountyhasformedavarietyofcharacteristiceconomyscaledevelopmentnewadvantages.
为实现农副产品的就地增值,提高农民的人均收入,沛县人进行了大胆的探索。
泰安苗木沛县杨屯镇稻米加工基地,有6个稻米加工专业村,不仅县内的稻谷几乎全部从这里加工成稻米销往外地,还源源收购了苏南的大量稻谷。
龙固镇大立苇帘加工基地,本地芦苇已远远不能满足加工需要,芦苇来源已拓展到整个淮海经济区。
仅加工销售农副产品,沛县就涌现了6个龙头企业。
开拓市场,实现农副产品大流通,是沛县提高农业经济效益的关键措施。
全县组成了有上千人参加的农民经纪人队伍,遍布全国30多个大中城市,有50多个专业批发市场和大型农贸市场,还以全国唯一的县级身份加入全国农副产品销售网络,实现了“上网”卖菜。
Torealizeagriculturalandsidelineproductsinsitugrowth,increasethepercapitanetincomeoffarmers,PeiXianRenhascarriedontheboldexploration.PeixiancountytownofYangTunriceprocessingbase,therearesixZhuanYeCunriceprocessing,notonlyinthecountyofriceintoriceexportedtoabroad,almostallfromherealsoacquiredalotofriceinsouthernjiangsu.Longgutownbigreedscreenprocessingbase,thelocalreedhasfarcannotsatisfytheprocessingneed,reedsourcehavebeenexpandedtotheentirehuaihaieconomiczone.Processingandsalesofagriculturalandsidelineproductsalone,peixiancountysixleadingenterpriseshavesprungup.Developsthemarket,realizethegreatcirculationofagriculturalandsidelineproducts,peixiancountyisthekeytoimproveagriculturaleconomicbenefits.Countyofthousandsofpeopleattendedthefarmerbrokerteam,morethan30largeandmediumcitiesalloverthecountry,therearemorethan50professionalwholesalemarketandalargefarmersmarket,withtheonlyjoinedatthecountylevelofthenationalagriculturalandsidelineproductssalesnetwork,realizedthe"
Internet"
sellfood.
1.3农业机械化让农机手在作业服务的过程中脱贫致富奔小康,促使他们增收由于国家农机化政策的正确导向,农业机械化让沛县农机手在经营使用农机中得到了明显的经济实惠,他们很快走上了致富的道路,过上了富裕的生活,泰安太阳能成为沛县赫赫有名的“机老板”,脱贫致富奔小康的带头人。
截至目前,沛县农机总动力达84.4万kW。
沛县大中型拖拉机保有量达1402台;
小型拖拉机保有量达21675台;
联合收割机保有量达1991台(高性能机350台);
水稻插秧机步进式保有量512台,乘座式保有量10台;
秸秆粉碎还田机和综合利用机械保有量达363台;
其他各种配套农机具2.5万余台套。
农机装备水平的快速发展,极大地提高了农业机械化作业水平,全县农机化综合作业水平达78.9%,其中小麦机收水平达99.0%以上,水稻机收水平达90.0%以上,玉米机收水平达40.0%。
全县主要农作物(稻、麦、玉米)耕、种、收、植四项环节综合机械化水平达到78.2%,高于全省约5百分点,高于全国约30百分点。
仅2009年,沛县参加农机跨区作业的机具达2020台次,电动吊篮作业面积9.72万hm2,作业收入7000余万元,占全年农机作业总收入的1/4。
参与作业的机具、作业面积、作业收入均创历年最高[1]。
1.3intheprocessofagriculturalmechanizationtoNongJiShouinoperationservicesaregrowingrichrush,encouragingthemtoincreaseduetothenationalagriculturalmechanizationpolicyofcorrectguidance,agriculturalmechanizationtopeixiancountyNongJiShouinbusinessuseoffarmmachinery,obtainedobviouseconomicbenefits,theyquicklytowardsalifeofrichandlivearichlife,becomepeixiancountyofthefamous"
boss"
runningoutofpovertytogetrichoffoftheleaders.Sofar,peixiancountyagriculturalmachinerytotalpowerof844000kW.Peixiancountynearly1,402largeandmedium-sizedtractorsownership;
Smalltractor'
s21,675;
Nearly1,991combineharvester'
shigh-performancemachine(350);
Ricetransplanterstep-typeownershipin512,totakeownershipoftype10sets;
Comprehensiveutilizationofstrawcrushingreturningmachineandmechanicalquantitiesupto363units;
Otherkindsofformacompletesetofagriculturalmachineryandmorethan25000sets.Agriculturalmachineryequipmentlevel,withtherapiddevelopmentofagriculturalmechanizationlevelofoperation,greatlyimprovedthecountyag