刘炳善《英国文学简史》完整版笔记免费.docx

刘炳善《英国文学简史》完整版笔记免费.docx

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刘炳善《英国文学简史》完整版笔记免费

英国文学简史完全版

AConciseHistoryofBritishLiterature

Chapter1EnglishLiteratureofAnglo-SaxonPeriod

I.Introduction

I.Thehistoricalbackground

（1）BeforetheGermanicinvasion

（2）DuringtheGermanicinvasion

a.immigration;

b.Christianity;

c.heptarchy.

d.socialclassesstructure:

hide-hundred;eoldermen（lord）-thane-middleclass（freemen）-lowerclass（slaveorbondmen:

theoW;

e.socialorganization:

clanortribes.

f.militaryOrganization;

g.Churchfunction:

spirit,civilservice,education;

h.economy:

coins,trade,slavery;

i.feastsandfestival:

Halloween,Easter;j.legalsystem.

2.TheOverviewoftheculture

（1）ThemixtureofpaganandChristianspirit.

（2）Literature:

a.Poetry:

twotypes;b.prose:

twofigures.

II.Beowulf.

1.Ageneralintroduction.

2.Thecontent.

3.Theliteraryfeatures.

（1）theuseofalliteration

（2）theuseofmetaphorsandunderstatements

（3）themixtureofpaganandChristianelements

III.TheOldEnglishProse

1.Whatisprose?

2.figures

（1）TheVenerableBede

（2）AlfredtheGreat

Chapter2EnglishLiteratureoftheLateMedievalAgesl.lntroduction

1.TheHistoricalBackground.

（1）Theyear1066:

NormanConquest.

（2）Thesocialsituationssoonaftertheconquest.

A.Normannoblesandserfs;

B.restorationofthechurch.

（3）The11thcentury.

A.thecrusadeandknights.

B.dominanceofFrenchandLatin;

（4）The12thcentury.

A.thecentralizedgovernment;

B.kingsandthechurch（HenryIIandThomas）;

（5）The13thcentury.

A.ThelegendofRobinHood;

B.MagnaCarta（1215）;

C.thebeginningoftheParliament

D.EnglishandLatin:

officiallanguages（theend）

（6）The14thcentury.

a.theHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons—conflictbetweenthe

ParliamentandKings;

b.theriseoftowns.

c.thechangeofChurch.

d.theroleofwomen.

e.theHundredYears'Wai^starting.

f.thedevelopmentofthetrade:

London.

g.theBlackDeath.

h.thePeasants'Revo—1381.

i.ThetranslationofBiblebyWycliffe.

（7）The15thcentury.

a.ThePeasantsRevolt（1453）

b.TheWarofRosesbetweenLancasterandYorks.

c.theprinting-press—WilliamCaxton.

d.thestartingofTudorMonarchy（1485）

2.TheOverviewofLiterature.

（1）thestoriesfromtheCelticlandsofWalesandBrittan—greatmythsoftheMiddleAges.

（2）GeoffryeofMonmouth—HistoriaRegumBritanniae—KingAuthur.

（3）Wace—LeRomandeBrut.

（4）Theromanee.

（5）thesecondhalfofthe14theentury:

Langland,Gawinpoet,Chaucer.

II.SirGawinandGreenKnight.

1.Ageneralintroduction.

2.Theplot.

III.WilliamLangland.

1.Life

2.PiersthePlowman

IV.Chaucer

1.Life

2.LiteraryCareer:

threeperiods

（1）Frenchperiod

（2）Italianperiod

（3）masterperiod

3.TheCanterburyTales

A.TheFramework;

B.TheGeneralPrologue;

C.TheTaleProper.

4.HisContribution.

（1）HeintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypes.

（2）HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinthecurrentEnglishIanguage.

（3）ThespokenEnglishofthetimeconsistedofseveraldialects,andChaucerdidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.

V.PopularBallads.

VI.ThomasMaloryandEnglishProse

VII.ThebeginningofEnglishDrama.

1.MiraclePlays.

MiracleplayormysteryplayisaformofmedievaldramathatcamefromdramatizationoftheliturgyoftheRomanCatholicChurch.Itdevelopedfromthe10thtothe16thcentury,reachingitsheightinthe15thcentury.Thesimplelyriccharacteroftheearlytextswasenlargedbytheadditionofdialogueanddramaticaction.Eventuallytheperformancewasmovedtothechurchyardandthemarketplace.

2.MoralityPlays.

Amoralityplayisaplayenforcingamoraltruthorlessonbymeansofthespeechandactionofcharacterswhicharepersonifiedabstractions-figuresrepresentingvicesandvirtues,qualitiesofthehumanmind,orabstractconceptionsingeneral.

3.Interlude.

Theinterlude,whichgrewoutofthemorality,wasintended,asitsnameimplies,tobeusedmoreasfillerthanasthemainpartofanentertainment.Asitsbestitwasshort,witty,simpleinplot,suitedforthediversionofguestsatabanquet,orfortherelaxationoftheaudieneebetweenthedivisionsofaseriousplay.Itwasessentiallyanindoorsperformanee,andgenerallyofanaristocraticnature.

Chapter3EnglishLiteratureintheRenaissaneeI.AHistoricalBackground

II.TheOverviewoftheLiterature（1485-1660）

Printingpress—readership—growthofmiddleclass—trade-educationforlaypeople-centralizationofpower-intellectuallife-exploration-newimpetusanddirectionofliterature.

Humanism-studyoftheliteratureofclassicalantiquityandreformededucation.

Literarystyle-modeledontheancients.

Theeffectofhumanism-thedisseminationofthecultivated,clear,andsensibleattitudeofitsclassicallyed