中西文化背景下的习语翻译Word文件下载.docx
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2015年8月23日
TranslationbetweentheChineseandEnglishCultures
By
Prof
.WangMiqing,tutor
SubmittedtotheB.A.CommitteeinPartial
FulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegree
ofBachelorofArtsintheEnglishDepartment
ofHebeiNormalUniversity
August23,
2015
Abstract
Nida
afamoustranslator,
says
“Fortruelysuccessfultranslation
itismuchmoreimportanttofamiliarizetwoculturesthantomastertwo
Languages”,
becausewordsareassignedmeaningsinitsparticularcultures.(backgroundinformation)Thisistosay,translationiscloselyrelatedwithnotonly
Languagesbutalsocultures.StudiesoftheculturaldistinctioninidiomtranslationarestillrelativelyweakinthefieldoftranslationinChina.ExculsiveresearchonthetranslationofChineseandEnglishidiomsisstillincomplete.Inthepastyears,idiomtranslationhasmostlyemphasizedthelevelofinter-lingualcommunication,butculturaldifferenceswererarelyinvolvedinit.(indentifyproblems).ThisthesisanalysestheculturaldifferencesinChineseandEnglishidioms
thenstudiesEnglish-Chinese/Chinese-Englishidiomtranslationmethods(researchsubject)fromtheangleofculture(method)
andpointsoutsomewarningsconcerningidiomtranslation:
payattentiontocontextandchoosetherightversioninlinewiththestyleandmeaningoftheoriginalpassage(results)
;
cultureisawholewayoflife,whennewcultureemerges,newidiomsalsoappearthereforeidiomtranslationshoulddevelopwiththetime.
Key
Words
:
idiom
culture
translation
摘要
著名翻译学家达奈指出:
“对于真正成功的翻译而言,熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要,因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景下才有意义。
”也就是说,翻译不仅与语言有关业余文化有关。
习语语翻译中对文化的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱,专门对中英习语的研究还不完善。
近些年来,习语翻译大多强调语际的交流,而很少涉及文化差异。
本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异,进而从文化角度研究中英习语的翻译方法,并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:
联系上下文,选择与原文风格,意思相符的翻译;
文化是一种生活方式,文化在变化,出现新的习语,细语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词:
习语文化翻译
Contents
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..1
Chapter
I.
A
comparisonbetweenEnglishandChineseidioms………………….2
ChapterII.
TheculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseidioms………………………………………………………………………………….7
2.1Theformationofcultureiscloselyrelatedwithnaturalgeographicalconditions……………………………………………………………….……………8
2.2Geographicalconditions…………………………………………………………8
ChapterIII.Differentcustoms……………………………………………………..11
3.1Intermsof
history………………………………………………….……………11
3.2Bothcountrieshavetheirdifferentreligiousfaithwhichmaycausethedifference……………………………………………………………….……………12
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………...14
Notes............................................................................................................................15
Bibliography..............................................................................................................16
Introduction
IdiomsuniversallyexistineveryLanguage.Anidiomisawordoranexpressionthatcannotbeliterallytranslatedfromthesource
LanguageintothetargetLanguagebecauseitsidiomaticmeaningcannotbeunderstoodbyliterallydefiningitscomponentparts.(background)Inabroadsense,idiomscontainsetphase,
proverbs,allusions,etc.(yinlii,2007:
9)InChinese,theyalsoincludeenigmaticfolksmiles.Newmark,aBritishtranslationtheorist,inhisworkATextbookofTranslation,said,“Idefineasculturethewayoflifeandhismanifestationthatarepeculiar”
toacommunitythatusesapeculiarLanguageasitsmeansofexpression.”(previousresearch)EnglishidiomsderivesfromEnglishculturesanddailylife.Inrealcontext,idiomsexplainthemselves:
ninetimesoutoftentheycarrytheirownexplainations.Ifweareunawareofthese,wewillfindourselvesinastateofconfusionsincewewillassignliteralmeaningtothem.TheChineseidioms,especiallythefour-characteridioms,havetheirownuniqueoriginswhicharecloselycorrelativetotheChinesehistoryandculture.Inviewofthedifficultiesinunderstandingidioms,weshouldpaydueattentionandeffortstounderstandtheirculturesandcustoms.ThisthesisisdesignedtodigintotheculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishandthenelaboratesonthetranslationtheoriesappliedtoidioms.(subject+method)
ChapterI
AcomparisonbetweenEnglishandChineseidioms
Differentpeoplefromdifferentculturesmayhavedifferentunderstandingsofthesamesentencebecausetheyknowlittleaboutthetargetcultures.WhiletheultimateaimofEnglishteachingasaforeignlanguageistocultivatestudents'
competencetoapplyEnglishcorrectly,fluently,andappropriatelyincross-culturalcommunication.Idioms,apartoflanguage,aretheessenceofcultureineverycountry.Usinglanguageinsuchcommunication,weoftencomeacrosssomeidiomswithdistinctiveculturalcharacteristics,soitisaveryimportantandcomplicatedthingforustounderstandandusetheseidiomscorrectly.Therefore,inthispaper,wewilldiscusstheidiomsreflectingthedifferencesofChineseandWesternculturesinvariouslevelswithmanylively,important,andinterestingexamplesofidioms
Peopleindifferentculturalbackgroundstocommunicateismultinationcommunication.Differentcountrieshavedifferenthistoricalbackgrounds,customs,traditionscultures,therefore,thetranslatorsengagedininternationalbusinessmustunderstandtheirculturaldifferencesandexotic.
Forexample,“likeafishoutofwater”.Ifyoufeellikefishoutofwater,youfeelawkwardanduncomfortablebecauseyouareinanunusualandunfamiliarsituation.
Friendshipcan’tstandalwaysononeside友谊是双方的事
Afriendiseasierlostthanfound朋友易失不易得
Everymanhashisfaults人都有缺点
Onetreedoesnotmakeaforest独木不成林
Oneflowerdoesnotmakeaspring一花独放不是春
Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer孤雁不成夏
Wherethereisunity,thereisvictory团结就是力量Twodogsstriveforabone,andathirdrunsawaywithit鹬蚌相争,渔翁得利Lovemelittle,lovemelong爱情应细水长流
Beautyisintheeyesofthebeholder情人眼里出西施
Bloodisthickerthanwater血浓于水
Absencemakestheheartgrowfonder越是不见越想念Amanis
Petteddaughtersmakesillywives宠坏的女儿会变成傻婆娘Betteragloriousdeaththanashamefullife宁为玉碎不为瓦全WheninRomedoastheRomansdo入乡随俗
Apennysavedisapennygained省一分是一分
Onefalsemovemaylosethewholegame一步走错步步错
Procrastinationisthethiefoftime拖延是时间的Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatmaybedonetoday今天能做的事情不要拖到明天做
Nosweetwithoutsweat.没有耕耘就没有收获
Oneisasoldasone’sheart.心有多老人有多老
Timehealsallsorrows.时间治愈一切创伤
Manyhandsmakelightwork.人多力量大
Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.千里之行始于足下Wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.无风不起浪
Aspoorasachurchmouse.一贫如洗
Agoodmedicinetastesbitter.良药苦口
Clothesmaketheman.人靠衣装,佛靠金装
Clothesdon’tmaketheman.不能以貌取人
Strikewhiletheironishot.趁热打
Lookbeforeyouleap.三思而后行
Toteachafishhowtoswim.班门弄斧
Self-trustisthefirstsecretofsuccess.自信是成功的秘诀
Betterlatethannever.迟做总比不做好
Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者天助
loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌
Romewasnotbuiltinaday.伟业非一日之功
Likefather,Likeson.有其父必有其子
Wellbegun,halfdone好的开端成功的一半
Everycloudhasasilverlining否极泰来
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成
Hastemakeswaste.欲速则不达
AllroadsleadtoRome.条条道路通罗马
Timeandtidewaitsfornoman岁月不等人
Honestyisthebestpolicy.诚实是上策
Earlytobed,earlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.早睡早起使人健康富有和Anappleadaykeepsdoctoraway一日一个苹果不用看医生
Fishintheair缘木求鱼
Anoddfish怪人
Misstheboat错过机会
Trimthesailstothewind顺势前进
Asmallleakwillsinkagreatship小洞不补要沉大船
Ontheotherhand,ChinaislocatedintheAsianContinentandreputedasanagriculturalcountrywithalargepopulationofpeasant,Itisnotsurprisingtofindmanyidiomsrelevanttofarming,suchas“骨瘦如柴,对牛弹琴,众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空”等等
Chinesepeoplealsohaveamysteriousandawefeelingforsea,sotheyhaveidiomslike“天涯海角,海枯石烂,海底捞针,海市蜃楼”等等。
Thesedifferencesininterpretationandtriedtomakeitdisappeartheprocessoftranslating
inthetargetlanguage,
andfindouttheexactwords,sodifferentcultures,whichisreproducedinthetargetlanguage.Languageispartofculture,
alsothecarriertotheculture,
whichplaysanimportantrole.languagetranslationisnotonlytheinternationalexchangeofthetwolanguages,buttwoculturesrelay.Cultureintranslationisafactorwhichshouldnotbeignored,asafamoustranslatorEugeneNita:
“toreallydoagoodtranslation,mastertwolanguages,twocultures,evenmoreimportantaspect,becausethetermsonlyusedinaparticularculturetobemeaningful.”BusinessEnglishtranslationoftheinternationalmustpayattentiontothetransmissionofculturalinformation.AccordingtotheinternationalbusinessEnglishtranslation4Esstandardsandtoensurethatculturalandotherinformationequivalent.However,inpractice,
andsometimesculturalinformationisdifferenttoconveytothetargetlanguageandtheresultsofsuchstandardswillnotbefullydone.theChinesecultureemphasizetheideasof“unityisstrength”.Thiscanbesaidas“collectivism”.Onthecontrary,
thewesterneremphasizethepowerofasingleindividual,thiscanbedescribedasheroism.ComparetheChinesemovie“创业”andthem
AmericanTerminatorSeries,youcanseethisdifferent
cover-emphasizesthesame,andtheEnglishcultureover-emphasizestheunique;
theChinesevaluesthetradition,butthewesternerpaymoreattentiontothefusion;
theChineseculturepayattentiontothedisposition,outstandinghumannatureinwesternculture.Cultureisanationalphenomenon.Eachcultureisunique.EnglishandChinesepeoplelive