英语专业综合教程2Unit812单元课后答案Word下载.docx
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dioxide,methane,and
nitrousoxides,andprotecttheforestsintheworld,andwecanalsoadvocatepoliciesthatwillcombatglobalwarmingoverthelongterm,thingslikecleancars,
environmentallyresponsible
renewableenergytechnologies,andstoppingthe
clear-cutting
ofvaluableforests.
IV.
1.GlobalwarmingwillprobablybethemostseriousthreattoourEarth,ifwedonottakeintoaccountofsomeotherpossibledisasters,suchasanotherworldwar,collisionofourEarthwithsomesmallorbitingplanet,orspreadofincurablediseases.
2.Intermsofhumanhealth,thepeopleofthepoorercountrieswillsuffermost,becausetheircountriesdonothavemoneytoprotectthemwhenclimatechanges.
Structuralanalysis
Sub-ideasinthesecondpart.
1)the
causes
oftherisingconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere(Paragraphs3and4)
2)the
effect
ofsuchconcentrationonclimatechange(Paragraphs5and6)
3)thepotential
threat
ofglobalwarmingtohumanhealthandsurvival(Paragraph7)
Partone.Vocabulary
1
Phrase
1.withtheexceptionof:
except,apartfrom
除……之外,
不包括……在内
2.Inessence=essentially,basically
本质上,根本上
3.whereverpossible:
whenever
itispossible
只要可能
4.overthelongterm:
overalongperiod
从长远看
5.alternative=substitutable,different,replaceable
II.
1.focus;
2.muchthesame;
3.consciousness;
4.threat;
5.deserved;
6.decomposed;
7.revealed;
8.frequent.
III.Wordderivation
Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.
1.Hernaturalgoodsensewasimprovedbytheperusal(peruse)ofthebestbooks.
2.Effortstoreachtheinjuredmenhavebeenintensified(intense)becauseofasuddendeteriorationofweatherconditions.
3.Iknewhedeservedtobepunishedbutmakinghimstayineverynightforayearisalittleexcessive(excess).
4.Theoriesoftheoriginoflifearepartlyspeculative(speculate),sincethereissolittledirectevidenceavailable.
5.Thisisabookthatcontainsanabundance(abundant)ofvaluableinformation.
6.Thecostoftheflights,accommodationandcarrentalistwothousanddollarsinclusive(include).
7.Whenanironobjectisheatedinafire,itglowsredandemits(emission)radiation.
8.WehardlyevergointoLondon.Whateverweneedwecanbuylocally(local).
1.perusev.
熟读,精读
perusaln.
熟读,精读;
仔细研究
e.g.
他每天都要读各种报纸。
Heperusedthenewspaperseveryday.
2.intensea.
强烈的,剧烈的,热烈的
intensifyv.
增强,强化;
加剧
intensiven.
强烈的;
密集的
intensificationn.
增强,加强,强化
我的工作非常紧张,以至于我没有时间休息。
MyworkissointensethatIevenhavenotimetotakearest.
我的初次失败更坚定了我成功的信念。
Myfirstfailureonlyintensifiedmydesiretosucceed.
我们有十天的强化训练。
Wehavetendaysofintensivetraining.
3.excessa.
过量的,额外的
excessivea.
过多的,过分的
这个胖男孩节制饮食以减轻过量的体重。
Thefatboywentonadiettogetridofhisexcessweight.
4.speculatev.
推测,好奇
speculationn.
沉思,推测;
投机
speculativea.
推测的,推理的;
投机的
speculatorn.
投机者,投机商人
我猜想的全错了。
Myspeculationsprovedtotallywrong.
他是一个冷酷的投机者。
Heisaruthlessspeculator.
5.abundanta.
丰富的,充裕的
abundancen.
丰富,充裕
abundantlyad.
大量地,丰富地
今年的农产品很丰富。
Theagriculturalcommoditiesareabundantthisyear.
这个国家拥有丰富的资源。
Thiscountryhasanabundanceofvaluableresources.
6.includev.
包括,包含
includingprep.
包含,包括
inclusivea.
包含……在内的,包罗广泛的
账单中包含服务费。
Thebillincludesservice.
他们有很多宠物,狗就有三只。
Theyhavemanypets,includingthreedogs.
7.emissionn.
散发;
发射
emitv.
发出,放射;
吐露
干酪散发出强烈的气味。
Thecheesewasemittingastrongsmell.
8.locala.
地方性的;
当地的,局部的
locallyad.
在本地,在当地
当地大多数的居民靠打渔为生。
Mostofthelocalpopulationdependonfishingfortheirincome.
1.A;
2.D;
3.B;
4.C;
5.D;
6.A;
7.C;
8.A.
V.Synonym/Antonym
Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.
1.Globalwarmingresultsprimarilyfromhumanactivitiesthatreleaseheat-trappinggasesandparticlesintotheair.
Synonym:
mainly,basically,firstly
2.Fortunately,wecantakeactionstoslowdownglobalwarming.
Antonym:
unfortunately,unluckily
3.Themostimportantcausesincludetheburningoffossilfuelssuchascoal,gas,andoil,anddeforestation.
exclude
4.Twenty-fiveyearsagoifyoumadeatriptothelibraryandperusedtheperiodicalsectionforarticlesonglobalwarming,you’dprobablyhavecomeupwithonlyafewabstractsfromhardcoresciencejournalsormaybeablurbinsomeesotericgeopoliticalmagazine.
part,division
5.That’sanincreaseofroughly1°
Cevery4,000years.
decrease,lowering
6.Muchoftheavailableclimatedataappeartobackthesefears.
unavailable
7.Allacrosstheglobe,hottersummerscouldleadtomorecasesofheatstrokeanddeathsamongthosewhoarevulnerable,suchasolderpeoplewithheartproblems.
weak,insecure,unsafe
8.…thingslikecleancarsthatrunonalternativefuels,environmentallyresponsiblerenewableenergytechnologies,andstoppingtheclear-cuttingofvaluableforests.
irresponsible
VI.
Prefix
Writeineachspaceonewordthathasthesameprefixasunderlinedineachgivenword.
1.centigrade
centimeter
2.kilogram
kilometer
3.synopsis
synthetic
4.supervise
superior
5.submarine
submerge
6.astronaut
astronomy
7.microbiology
microwave
8.overwork
overload
1.Explanation:
centi-:
onehundredth
e.g.centigram,centiliter,centimeter
2.Explanation:
kilo-:
onethousand
e.g.kilowatt,kilobyte,kilohertz
3.Explanation:
syn-:
synonymous
e.g.synonym,synonymy,synchronous
4.Explanation:
super-:
extremely,moreorbetterthannormal
e.g.superhuman,supercomputer,superconductor,superego
5.Explanation:
sub-:
below;
lessthan;
under
e.g.sub-zero,subway,subset
6.Explanation:
astro-:
connectedwiththestarsorouterspace
e.g.astrophysics,astrology,astronomer
7.Explanation:
micro-:
small;
onasmallscale
e.g.microchip,micro-organism,microbe,microcosm
8.Explanation:
over-:
morethanusual;
toomuch
e.g.overconfident,overanxious,over-optimistic
II
GrammarExercises
1.
Thepresentperfecttensevs.thesimplepasttense
Thesimplepastreferstothedefinitepast.Thepresentperfectrefersto“thepastwithpresentrelevance.”Theactionorstatedenotedbythepresentperfecttense,thoughreferringtosomeindefinitehappeninginthepast,has
someconnectionwiththepresent.Hence,ifanactionorstatehappenedinthepastandhas
noconnectionwiththepresent,itwillhavetobeexpressedbythesimplepast.
Compare:
Hisfatherhasbeenateacherallhislife.(Hisfatherisstillalive.)
Hisfatherwasateacherallhislife.(Hisfatherisnowdead.)
I.Completethefollowingsentencesusingtheappropriateverbforms.
began//havehad
2.
A:
Have//talked
B:
Havetalked//talked
3.
He__hasinvented__(invent)hundredsofthings.Heisoneofthemostproductiveinventorsofourgeneration.
4.
have//telephoned//went
5.
havebeen
6.
hasgot(gotten)
7.
hasbeen
8.
haveforgotten
9.
Isyourfatherathome?
No,I’mafraidhe___hasgone____(go)out.
Whenexactly__didhego___(he,go)out?
Abouttenminutesago.
10.was//hasdisappeared.
1.a.simplepresentform;
b.“hasobtained”.
2.synonymousa.thespeaker’spointofview;
b.thelistener’sperspective.
3.a.definite;
b.indefinite
4.a.stillsuffering;
b.past
5.a.onthewayorinItaly;
b.leftItaly.
6.a.inthemorning;
b.afterthemorning
7.a.todayisnotfinishedandhemaydrinkmore;
b.simplyhappenedtoday.
8.a.passedaway;
b.stillliving.
1.havehad--have
2.havebeen–be
3.laying–lying
4.bore–bear
5.Rang--Rung
6.rised–risen
7.had–has
2.Connectives(because,as,since,seeingthat,for,becauseof)
Becauseisgenerallyusedwhenthereasonisthemostimportantpartofthesentence.
Asandsinceareusedwhenthereasonisalreadywellknown,oris