容器格式WordWord格式.docx

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容器格式WordWord格式.docx

(MovingPictureExpertsGroup)

是一个国际标准化组织(ISO)认可的媒体封装形式,受到大部份机器的支持。

其储存方式多样,可以适应不同的应用环境。

MPEG-4档的档容器格式在Part1(mux)、14(asp)、15(avc)等中规定。

MPEG的控制功能丰富,可以有多个视频(即角度)、音轨、字幕(点阵图字幕)等等。

MPEG的一个简化版本3GP还广泛的用于准3G手机上。

dat(VCD)

vob(DVD)

mpg/mpeg

mp4

3gp/3g2(手机)

Matroska

是一种新的多媒体封装格式,这个封装格式可把多种不同编码的视频及16条或以上不同格式的音频和语言不同的字幕封装到一个MatroskaMedia档内。

它也是其中一种开放源代码的多媒体封装格式。

Matroska同时还可以提供非常好的交互功能,而且比MPEG的方便、强大。

mkv

RealVideo

RealMedia(RM)

是由RealNetworks开发的一种档容器。

它通常只能容纳RealVideo和RealAudio编码的媒体。

该档带有一定的交互功能,允许编写脚本以控制播放。

RM,尤其是可变比特率的RMVB格式,没有复杂的Profile/Level,制作起来较H.264视讯格式简单,非常受到网路上传者的欢迎。

此外很多人仍有RMVB体积小高质量的错误认知,这个不太正确的观念也导致很多人倾向使用rmvb,事实上在相同码率下,rmvb编码和H.264这个高度压缩的视讯编码相比,体积会较大。

rm/rmvb

QuickTimeFileFormat

是由苹果公司开发的容器。

1998年2月11日,国际标准组织(ISO)认可QuickTime档案格式作为MPEG-4标准的基础。

QT可储存的内容相当丰富,除了视频、音频以外还可支援图片、文字(文本字幕)等。

mov

qt

Ogg

Media是一个完全开放性的多媒体系统计划,OGM(OggMediaFile)是其容器格式。

OGM可以支援多视频、音频、字幕(文本字幕)等多种轨道。

ogg/ogv/oga

MOD

格式是JVC生产的硬碟摄录机所采用的储存格式名称。

mod

ProfilesandLevels[edit]

MPEG-4providesalargeandrichsetoftoolsforencoding.SubsetsoftheMPEG-4toolsetshavebeenprovidedforuseinspecificapplications.Thesesubsets,called'

Profiles'

limitthesizeofthetoolsetadecoderisrequiredtoimplement.[1]Inordertorestrictcomputationalcomplexity,oneormore'

Levels'

aresetforeachProfile.[1]AProfileandLevelcombinationallows:

[1]

∙Acodecbuildertoimplementonlythesubsetofthestandardneeded,whilemaintaininginterworkingwithotherMPEG-4devicesthatimplementthesamecombination.[1]

∙CheckingwhetherMPEG-4devicescomplywiththestandard,referredtoasconformancetesting.[1]

MPEG-4Parts[edit]

MPEG-4consistsofseveralstandards—termed"

parts"

—includingthefollowing(eachpartcoversacertainaspectofthewholespecification):

MPEG-4parts[2][3]

Part

Number

Firstpublicreleasedate(firstedition)

Latestpublicreleasedate(lastedition)

Latestamendment

Title

Description

Part1

ISO/IEC14496-1

1999

2010[4]

2010[5]

Systems

Describessynchronizationandmultiplexingofvideoandaudio.ForexampletheMPEG-4fileformatversion1(obsoletedbyversion2definedinMPEG-4Part14).Thefunctionalityofatransportprotocolstackfortransmittingand/orstoringcontentcomplyingwithISO/IEC14496isnotwithinthescopeof14496-1andonlytheinterfacetothislayerisconsidered(DMIF).InformationabouttransportofMPEG-4contentisdefinede.g.inMPEG-2TransportStream,RTPAudioVideoProfilesandothers.[6][7][8][9][10]

Part2

ISO/IEC14496-2

2004[11]

2009

Visual

Acompressionformatforvisualdata(video,stilltextures,syntheticimages,etc.).Oneofthemany"

profiles"

inPart2istheAdvancedSimpleProfile(ASP).

Part3

ISO/IEC14496-3

2009[12]

2010[13][14]

Audio

Asetofcompressionformatsforperceptualcodingofaudiosignals,includingsomevariationsofAdvancedAudioCoding(AAC)aswellasotheraudio/speechcodingformatsandtools(suchasAudioLosslessCoding(ALS),ScalableLosslessCoding(SLS),StructuredAudio,Text-To-SpeechInterface(TTSI),HVXC,CELPandothers)

Part4

ISO/IEC14496-4

2000

2004[15]

2010(2011)

Conformancetesting

Describesproceduresfortestingconformancetootherpartsofthestandard.

Part5

ISO/IEC14496-5

2001[16]

Referencesoftware

Providesreferencesoftwarefordemonstratingandclarifyingtheotherpartsofthestandard.

Part6

ISO/IEC14496-6

2000[17]

DeliveryMultimediaIntegrationFramework(DMIF)

Part7

ISO/IECTR14496-7

2002

2004[18]

Optimizedreferencesoftwareforcodingofaudio-visualobjects

Providesexamplesofhowtomakeimprovedimplementations(e.g.,inrelationtoPart5).

Part8

ISO/IEC14496-8

2004

2004[19]

CarriageofISO/IEC14496contentsoverIPnetworks

SpecifiesamethodtocarryMPEG-4contentonIPnetworks.ItalsoincludesguidelinestodesignRTPpayloadformats,usagerulesofSDPtotransportISO/IEC14496-1-relatedinformation,MIMEtypedefinitions,analysisonRTPsecurityandmulticasting.

Part9

ISO/IECTR14496-9

2009[20]

Referencehardwaredescription

Provideshardwaredesignsfordemonstratinghowtoimplementtheotherpartsofthestandard.

Part10

ISO/IEC14496-10

2003

2012[21]

(2010[22])

AdvancedVideoCoding(AVC)

AcompressionformatforvideosignalswhichistechnicallyidenticaltotheITU-TH.264standard.

Part11

ISO/IEC14496-11

2005

2005[23]

Scenedescriptionandapplicationengine

Canbeusedforrich,interactivecontentwithmultipleprofiles,including2Dand3Dversions.MPEG-4Part11revisedMPEG-4Part1 

–ISO/IEC14496-1:

2001andtwoamendmentstoMPEG-4Part1.Itdescribesasystemleveldescriptionofanapplicationengine(delivery,lifecycle,formatandbehaviourofdownloadableJavabytecodeapplications)andtheBinaryFormatforScene(BIFS)andtheExtensibleMPEG-4Textual(XMT)format 

–atextualrepresentationoftheMPEG-4multimediacontentusingXML,etc.[23](ItisalsoknownasBIFS,XMT,MPEG-J.[24]MPEG-JwasdefinedinMPEG-4Part21)

Part12

ISO/IEC14496-12

2012[25]

2009[26](2010[2])

ISObasemediafileformat

Afileformatforstoringtime-basedmediacontent.Itisageneralformatformingthebasisforanumberofothermorespecificfileformats(e.g.3GP,MotionJPEG2000,MPEG-4Part14).ItistechnicallyidenticaltoISO/IEC15444-12(JPEG2000imagecodingsystem 

–Part12).

Part13

ISO/IEC14496-13

2004[27]

IntellectualPropertyManagementandProtection(IPMP)Extensions

MPEG-4Part13revisedanamendmenttoMPEG-4Part1 

2001/Amd3:

2004.ItspecifiescommonIntellectualPropertyManagementandProtection(IPMP)processing,syntaxandsemanticsforthecarriageofIPMPtoolsinthebitstream,IPMPinformationcarriage,mutualauthenticationforIPMPtools,alistofregistrationauthoritiesrequiredforthesupportoftheamendedspecifications(e.g.CISAC),etc.Itwasdefinedduetothelackofinteroperabilityofdifferentprotectionmechanisms(differentDRMsystems)forprotectinganddistributingcopyrighteddigitalcontentsuchasmusicorvideo.[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]

Part14

ISO/IEC14496-14

2003[37]

(2010[38])

MP4fileformat

Itisalsoknownas"

MPEG-4fileformatversion2"

.ThedesignatedcontainerfileformatforMPEG-4content,whichisbasedonPart12.ItrevisesandcompletelyreplacesClause13ofISO/IEC14496-1(MPEG-4Part1:

Systems),inwhichtheMPEG-4fileformatwaspreviouslyspecified.

Part15

ISO/IEC14496-15

2010[39]

2008(2010[40])

AdvancedVideoCoding(AVC)fileformat

ForstorageofPart10video.FileformatisbasedonPart12,butalsoallowsstorageinotherfileformats.

Part16

ISO/IEC14496-16

2011[41]

(2010[42])

AnimationFrameworkeXtension(AFX)

ItspecifiesMPEG-4AnimationFrameworkeXtension(AFX)modelforrepresenting3DGraphicscontent.MPEG-4isextendedwithhigher-levelsyntheticobjectsforspecifyinggeometry,texture,animationanddedicatedcompressionalgorithms.

Part17

ISO/IEC14496-17

2006

2006[43]

Streamingtextformat

TimedTextsubtitleformat

Part18

ISO/IEC14496-18

2004[44]

Fontcompressionandstreaming

ForOpenFontFormatdefinedinPart22.

Part19

ISO/IEC14496-19

2004[45]

Synthesizedtexturestream

Synthesizedtexturestreamsareusedforcreationofverylowbitratesyntheticvideoclips.

Part20

ISO/IEC14496-20

2008[46]

LightweightApplicationSceneRepresentation(LASeR)andSimpleAggregationFormat(SAF)

LASeRrequirements(compressionefficiency,codeandmemoryfootprint)arefulfilledbybuildingupontheexistingtheScalableVectorGraphics(SVG)formatdefinedbytheWorldWideWebConsortium.[47]

Part21

ISO/IEC14496-21

2006[48]

MPEG-JGraphicsFrameworkeXtensions(GFX)

Describesalightweightprogrammaticenvironmentforadvancedinteractivemultimediaapplications 

–aframeworkthatmarriesasubsetoftheMPEGstandardJavaapplicationenvironment(MPEG-J)withaJavaAPI.[24][48][49][50](at"

FCD"

stageinJuly2005,FDISJanuary2006,publishedasISOstandardon2006-11-22).

Part22

ISO/IEC14496-22

2007

2009[51]

OpenFontFormat

OFFSisbasedontheOpenTypeversion1.4fontformatspecification,andistechnicallyequivalenttothatspecification.[52][53]Reached"

CD"

stageinJuly2005,publishedasISOstandardin2007

Part23

ISO/IEC14496-23

2008

2008[54]

SymbolicMusicRepresentation(SMR)

Reached"

stageinOctober2006,publishedasISOstandardin2008-01-28

Part24

ISO/IECTR14496-24

2008[55]

Audioandsystemsinteraction

DescribesthedesiredjointbehaviorofMPEG-4FileFormatandMPEG-4Audio.

Part25

ISO/IEC14496-25

2009[56]

3DGraphicsCompressionModel

Definesamodelforconnecting3DGraphicsCompressiontoolsdefinedinMPEG-4standardstographicsprimitivesdefinedinanyotherstandardorspecification.

Part26

ISO/IEC14496-26

2010

2010[57]

AudioConformance

Part27

ISO/IEC14496-27

2009[58]

(2010[59])

3DGraphicsconformance

3DGraphicsConformancesummarizestherequirements,crossreferencesthemtocharacteristics,anddefineshowconformancewiththemcanbetested.Guidelinesaregivenonconstructingteststoverifydecoder

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