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1、（Moving Picture Experts Group）是一个国际标准化组织（ISO）认可的媒体封装形式，受到大部份机器的支持。其储存方式多样，可以适应不同的应用环境。MPEG-4档的档容器格式在Part 1（mux）、14（asp）、15（avc）等中规定。MPEG的控制功能丰富，可以有多个视频（即角度）、音轨、字幕（点阵图字幕）等等。MPEG的一个简化版本3GP还广泛的用于准3G手机上。dat（VCD）vob（DVD）mpg/mpegmp43gp/3g2（手机）Matroska是一种新的多媒体封装格式，这个封装格式可把多种不同编码的视频及16条或以上不同格式的音频和语言不同的字幕封装到

2、一个Matroska Media档内。它也是其中一种开放源代码的多媒体封装格式。Matroska同时还可以提供非常好的交互功能，而且比MPEG的方便、强大。mkvReal VideoReal Media（RM）是由RealNetworks开发的一种档容器。它通常只能容纳Real Video和Real Audio编码的媒体。该档带有一定的交互功能，允许编写脚本以控制播放。RM，尤其是可变比特率的RMVB格式，没有复杂的Profile/Level，制作起来较H.264视讯格式简单，非常受到网路上传者的欢迎。此外很多人仍有RMVB体积小高质量的错误认知，这个不太正确的观念也导致很多人倾向使用rmvb

3、，事实上在相同码率下，rmvb编码和H.264这个高度压缩的视讯编码相比，体积会较大。rm/rmvbQuickTime File Format是由苹果公司开发的容器。1998年2月11日，国际标准组织（ISO）认可QuickTime档案格式作为MPEG-4标准的基础。QT可储存的内容相当丰富，除了视频、音频以外还可支援图片、文字（文本字幕）等。movqtOggMedia是一个完全开放性的多媒体系统计划，OGM（Ogg Media File）是其容器格式。OGM可以支援多视频、音频、字幕（文本字幕）等多种轨道。ogg/ogv/ogaMOD格式是JVC生产的硬碟摄录机所采用的储存格式名称。modP

4、rofiles and LevelseditMPEG-4 provides a large and rich set of tools for encoding. Subsets of the MPEG-4 tool sets have been provided for use in specific applications. These subsets, called Profiles, limit the size of the tool set a decoder is required to implement.1 In order to restrict computationa

5、l complexity, one or more Levels are set for each Profile.1 A Profile and Level combination allows:1A codec builder to implement only the subset of the standard needed, while maintaining interworking with other MPEG-4 devices that implement the same combination.1Checking whether MPEG-4 devices compl

6、y with the standard, referred to as conformance testing.1MPEG-4 PartseditMPEG-4 consists of several standardstermed partsincluding the following （each part covers a certain aspect of the whole specification）:MPEG-4 parts23PartNumberFirst public release date （first edition）Latest public release date

7、（last edition）Latest amendmentTitleDescriptionPart 1ISO/IEC 14496-119992010420105SystemsDescribes synchronization and multiplexing of video and audio. For example the MPEG-4 file format version 1 （obsoleted by version 2 defined in MPEG-4 Part 14）. The functionality of a transport protocol stack for

8、transmitting and/or storing content complying with ISO/IEC 14496 is not within the scope of 14496-1 and only the interface to this layer is considered （DMIF）. Information about transport of MPEG-4 content is defined e.g. in MPEG-2 Transport Stream, RTP Audio Video Profiles and others.678910Part 2ISO

9、/IEC 14496-22004112009VisualA compression format for visual data （video, still textures, synthetic images, etc.）. One of the many profiles in Part 2 is the Advanced Simple Profile （ASP）.Part 3ISO/IEC 14496-320091220101314AudioA set of compression formats for perceptual coding of audio signals, inclu

10、ding some variations of Advanced Audio Coding （AAC） as well as other audio/speech coding formats and tools （such as Audio Lossless Coding （ALS）, Scalable Lossless Coding （SLS）, Structured Audio, Text-To-Speech Interface （TTSI）, HVXC, CELP and others）Part 4ISO/IEC 14496-420002004152010 （2011）Conforma

11、nce testingDescribes procedures for testing conformance to other parts of the standard.Part 5ISO/IEC 14496-5200116Reference softwareProvides reference software for demonstrating and clarifying the other parts of the standard.Part 6ISO/IEC 14496-6200017Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework （DMIF）

12、Part 7ISO/IEC TR 14496-72002200418Optimized reference software for coding of audio-visual objectsProvides examples of how to make improved implementations （e.g., in relation to Part 5）.Part 8ISO/IEC 14496-82004200419Carriage of ISO/IEC 14496 contents over IP networksSpecifies a method to carry MPEG-

13、4 content on IP networks. It also includes guidelines to design RTP payload formats, usage rules of SDP to transport ISO/IEC 14496-1-related information, MIME type definitions, analysis on RTP security and multicasting.Part 9ISO/IEC TR 14496-9200920Reference hardware descriptionProvides hardware des

14、igns for demonstrating how to implement the other parts of the standard.Part 10ISO/IEC 14496-102003201221（201022）Advanced Video Coding （AVC）A compression format for video signals which is technically identical to the ITU-T H.264 standard.Part 11ISO/IEC 14496-112005200523Scene description and applica

15、tion engineCan be used for rich, interactive content with multiple profiles, including 2D and 3D versions. MPEG-4 Part 11 revised MPEG-4 Part 1 ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001 and two amendments to MPEG-4 Part 1. It describes a system level description of an application engine （delivery, lifecycle, format and

16、behaviour of downloadable Java byte code applications） and the Binary Format for Scene （BIFS） and the Extensible MPEG-4 Textual （XMT） format a textual representation of the MPEG-4 multimedia content using XML, etc.23 （It is also known as BIFS, XMT, MPEG-J.24 MPEG-J was defined in MPEG-4 Part 21）Part

17、 12ISO/IEC 14496-12201225200926 （20102）ISO base media file formatA file format for storing time-based media content. It is a general format forming the basis for a number of other more specific file formats （e.g. 3GP, Motion JPEG 2000, MPEG-4 Part 14）. It is technically identical to ISO/IEC 15444-12

18、 （JPEG 2000 image coding system Part 12）.Part 13ISO/IEC 14496-13200427Intellectual Property Management and Protection （IPMP） ExtensionsMPEG-4 Part 13 revised an amendment to MPEG-4 Part 12001/Amd 3:2004. It specifies common Intellectual Property Management and Protection （IPMP） processing, syntax an

19、d semantics for the carriage of IPMP tools in the bit stream, IPMP information carriage, mutual authentication for IPMP tools, a list of registration authorities required for the support of the amended specifications （e.g. CISAC）, etc. It was defined due to the lack of interoperability of different

20、protection mechanisms （different DRM systems） for protecting and distributing copyrighted digital content such as music or video.282930313233343536Part 14ISO/IEC 14496-14200337（201038）MP4 file formatIt is also known as MPEG-4 file format version 2. The designated container file format for MPEG-4 con

21、tent, which is based on Part 12. It revises and completely replaces Clause 13 of ISO/IEC 14496-1 （MPEG-4 Part 1: Systems）, in which the MPEG-4 file format was previously specified.Part 15ISO/IEC 14496-152010392008 （201040）Advanced Video Coding （AVC） file formatFor storage of Part 10 video. File form

22、at is based on Part 12, but also allows storage in other file formats.Part 16ISO/IEC 14496-16201141（201042）Animation Framework eXtension （AFX）It specifies MPEG-4 Animation Framework eXtension （AFX） model for representing 3D Graphics content. MPEG-4 is extended with higher-level synthetic objects for

23、 specifying geometry, texture, animation and dedicated compression algorithms.Part 17ISO/IEC 14496-172006200643Streaming text formatTimed Text subtitle formatPart 18ISO/IEC 14496-18200444Font compression and streamingFor Open Font Format defined in Part 22.Part 19ISO/IEC 14496-19200445Synthesized te

24、xture streamSynthesized texture streams are used for creation of very low bitrate synthetic video clips.Part 20ISO/IEC 14496-20200846Lightweight Application Scene Representation （LASeR） and Simple Aggregation Format （SAF）LASeR requirements （compression efficiency, code and memory footprint） are fulf

25、illed by building upon the existing the Scalable Vector Graphics （SVG） format defined by the World Wide Web Consortium.47Part 21ISO/IEC 14496-21200648MPEG-J Graphics Framework eXtensions （GFX）Describes a lightweight programmatic environment for advanced interactive multimedia applications a framewor

26、k that marries a subset of the MPEG standard Java application environment （MPEG-J） with a Java API.24484950 （at FCD stage in July 2005, FDIS January 2006, published as ISO standard on 2006-11-22）.Part 22ISO/IEC 14496-222007200951Open Font FormatOFFS is based on the OpenType version 1.4 font format s

27、pecification, and is technically equivalent to that specification.5253 Reached CD stage in July 2005, published as ISO standard in 2007Part 23ISO/IEC 14496-232008200854Symbolic Music Representation （SMR）Reached stage in October 2006, published as ISO standard in 2008-01-28Part 24ISO/IEC TR 14496-242

28、00855Audio and systems interactionDescribes the desired joint behavior of MPEG-4 File Format and MPEG-4 Audio.Part 25ISO/IEC 14496-252009563D Graphics Compression ModelDefines a model for connecting 3D Graphics Compression tools defined in MPEG-4 standards to graphics primitives defined in any other

29、 standard or specification.Part 26ISO/IEC 14496-262010201057Audio ConformancePart 27ISO/IEC 14496-27200958（201059）3D Graphics conformance3D Graphics Conformance summarizes the requirements, cross references them to characteristics, and defines how conformance with them can be tested. Guidelines are given on constructing tests to verify decoder