国际贸易理论与实务.docx

国际贸易理论与实务.docx

《国际贸易理论与实务.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《国际贸易理论与实务.docx（56页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

国际贸易理论与实务

ChapterIINTRODUCTION

•Reasonsforinternationaltrade

•Benefitofinternationaltrade

•Problemsininternationaltrade

Reasons

•Resourcereason（favorableclimaticconditionsandterrain,naturalresources,insufficientproduction,skilledworkers,capitalresources,favorablegeographiclocationandtransportcost）

•Economicreason（AbsoluteAdvantagebyAdamSmithinTheWealthofNations;ComparativeAdvantagebyDavidRichardinPrincipleofPoliticalEconomy）

•Politicalreason（dominatinggroup,party,nationalinterest）

Benefitofinternationaltrade

•Cheapgoods

•Greatervarietywhengoodscomefrommorecountries

•Widermarketwithincreasingnumberoftraderingpartners

•Growthofeconomy

Problemsininternationaltrade

•Culturalproblems（language,customsandmanners）

•Monetaryconversation

•Traderestrictions（tariff:

specificduty,Advaliumduty,mixedorcompoundduty,alternativeduty.non-tariffbarriers:

quota,importlicense,foreignexchangecontrol,statemonopolyofimportandexport,governmentprocurementpolicy,advanceddeposit,technicalstandard.packingandlabelingregulations,minimumprice）

•Surtax:

countervailingduty,anti-dumplingduty,variableduty

Definitionsofkeyterms

•Internationaltradeistheexchangeofvisiblegoodsandinvisibleservicesproducedinonecountryforthoseproducedinanothercountry.

•Cultureisasetoflearnedcorevalues,beliefs,standards,knowledge,morals,lawsandbehaviorssharedbyindividualsandsocietiesthatdetermineshowanindividualacts,feels,andviewsoneselfandothers.

TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese

comparativeadvantage,productivity,economiesofscales,Importsurtax,anti-dumplingduty,non-tradebarrier,labor-intensiveindustry,invisibleservice,monetaryconversion,labelingandtaggingregulation,PrincipleofPoliticalEconomy

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

Accordingtothemethodsinwhichtariffsarecollected,therearefourtypesofduties.Specificdutyiscollectedperphysicalunit---accordingtoweight,volume,measurementandquantity,etc.Advaliumdutyiscollectedaccedingtovalueorprice,ie.atapercentageoftheprice.Mixedorcompounddutyiscollectedaccordingtoeitherspecificdutyoradvaloemduty,thentheother.Analternativedutyiscollectedwhicheverthehigherbetweenspecificdutyandadvaloemduty.

Internationaltradebusinessismainlyabouttheproceduresorstepsinvolvedincross-bordertransactions,termsandconditionsinvolvedinoverseasbusinesscontract

sandrelevantinternationalpracticesandlaws.

Internationaltradeprocedures（EXPORT）

•Preparationbeforebusiness

•Businessnegotiationandcontractsigning

•Performanceofthebusinesscontract

Preparationbeforebusiness

•Exportoperationrightandexportlicense

•Targetcountry（culturalbackground,economicsituation,politicalclimate,currentimportandexportstatistics,governmentpolicyoninternationaltrade,informationontradebarriersandrestrictions.）

•Businesspartner（businessreference,backgroundinformation,businessscope,annualbusinessvolume,majorcustomers,businessculture）（consultingfirm,tradefairsorshows,internationaltradeexposorexhibitions,CommercialCounselor’sOffice,ChamberofCommerce’s,TradeDirectory,banks,medias,businessconnections,MOFTECanditsProvincialcommittee）

•Negotiationteam（commercial,technical,financial,legalandadministrational）

BusinessnegotiationI

•Face-to-facetalkandcorrespondencetalksuchaslettersfaxE-mail,etc.）

•Negotiationtopics（quality,price,quantity,timeofdelivery,insurance,packing,commodityinspectionandclaim,payment,transportation,documents,arbitration,ForceMajeure,LateDeliveryandpenalty）

•Establishingbusinessrelationship

DearSirs,

YourfirmhasbeenrecommendedtousbyJohnMorris&Co.,withwhomwehavedonebusinessformanyyears.

WespecializeintheexportofChineseChemicalsandPharmaceuticals,whichhaveenjoyedgreatpopularityinworldmarket.Weencloseacopyofourcatalogueforyourreferenceandhopethatyouwouldcontactusifanyitemisinterestingtoyou.

Wehopeyouwillgiveusanearlyreply.

Yoursfaithfully

BusinessnegotiationII

*Inquiry\Enquiry

PleasequotethelowestpriceofCFRSingaporefor1,000boxesoflargesizeMaxamDentalCreamattheearliestdelivery.

DearSirs,

WearegladtonotefromyourletterofMarch9that,asanexporterofChineseCottonPieceGoods,youaredesirousofenteringintodirectbusinessrelationswithus.Thishappenstocoincidewithourdesire.

Atpresent,weareinterestedinPrintedShirtingandshallbepleasedtoreceivefromyoubyairmailcatalogue,samples,andallnecessaryinformationregardingthesegoodssoastoacquaintuswiththequantityandworkmanshipofyoursuppliers.MeanwhilepleasequoteusthelowestpriceCIFVancouver,inclusiveofourcommission,statingtheearliestdateofshipment.

Shouldyourpricebefoundcompetitiveanddeliverydateacceptable,weintendtoplacealargeorderwithyou.

Wetrustyouwillgiveusanearlyreply.

Yoursfaithfully

Performanceofthecontract

•Cargoreadiness

•AskingforopenL\C

•Exportcustomsclearance

•Shipping

•Insuranceifnecessary

•Documentandpayment

•Settleclaimifany

BusinessnegotiationII

•Offer

•Counter-offer,re-counter-offer（YOUREIGHTHOFFERREPLYREACHINUSFIFTEENTHMAXAMTOOTHPASTEARTNO101PACKEDINCARTONSOFSIXDOZENSEACHSTERLINGTHIRTYTWOPERGROSSCIFLONDONDECEMBERSHIPMENTIRREVOCABLESIGHTCREDIT

•Acceptance（YOURFOURTEENTHWEACCEPT\AGREE\CONFIRM）

•Contract（ThisistoacknowledgewiththanksyourorderNo123receivedonMarch2nd.Weexpecttoship__on___from___.Thanksfortheopportunitytobeofyourserviceforyou.

•

Procedures（import）

•Importlicenses

•Targetcountry

•Businesspartner

•Negotiationteam

•Establishingbusinessrelation

•Negotiationprocess

•OpeningL\C

•Bookingshippingspace

•Insurance

•Documentexaminationandpayment

•ImportCustomclearance

•Takingdeliveryandinspection

•Claimifnecessary

Exercises

1pleasebrieflydescribetheexportprocess.

2translatethefollowingintoChinese.

（1）我公司经营电子产品的进出口业务，希望与贵方建立贸易关系。

（2）兹报实盘以贵方五日内接受为准。

（3）若贵方愿意降低价格，比方说5%，我们愿向你方试定此货。

（4）由于大量承约，我们不能接收订单，但是一旦新货源到来，我们将随即去电与你方联系。

Chapter3Contract

•编号（No.）：

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿___

•　　签约地点（Signedat）：

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿_

•　　日期（Date）：

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿____

•　　卖方（Seller）：

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿_

•　　地址（Address）：

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿_

•　　电话（Tel）：

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿传真（Fax）：

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿_

•　　电子邮箱（E-mail）：

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

•　　买方（Buyer）：

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

•　　地址（Address）：

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

•　　电话（Tel）：

：

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿传真（Fax）：

＿＿＿＿＿＿_______

•　　电子邮箱（E-mail）：

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿____

•　　买卖双方经协商同意按下列条款成交：

•　　TheundersignedSellerandBuyerhaveagreedtoclosethefollowingtransactionsaccordingtothetermsandconditionssetforthasbelow：

•1.货物名称、规格和质量（Name，SpecificationsandQualityofCommodity）：

•2.数量（Quantity）：

•3.单价及价格条款（UnitPriceandTermsofDelivery）：

•　除非另有规定，“FOB”、“CFR”和“CIF”均应依照国际商会制定的《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》（INCOTERMS2000）办理。

）

•　　ThetermsFOB，CFR，orCIFshallbesubjecttotheInternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms（INCOTERMS2000）providedbyInternationalChamberofCommerce（ICC）unlessotherwisestipulatedherein.）

•4.总价（TotalAmount）：

•5.允许溢短装（MoreorLess）：

＿＿＿%.

•6.装运期限（TimeofShipment）：

•　　收到可以转船及分批装运之信用证＿＿＿天内装运。

•　　Within_____daysafterreceiptofL/Callowingtransshipmentandpartialshipment.

•7.付款条件（TermsofPayment）：

•　　买方须于＿＿＿＿前将保兑的、不可撤销的、可转让的、可分割的即期付款信用证开到卖方，该信用证的有效期延至装运期后_____天在中国到期，并必须注明允许分批装运和转船。

•　　ByConfirmed，Irrevocable，TransferableandDivisibleL/CtobeavailablebysightdrafttoreachtheSellerbefore______andtoremainvalidfornegotiationinChinauntil______aftertheTimeofShipment.TheL/Cmustspecifythattransshipmentandpartialshipmentsareallowed.

•　　买方未在规定的时间内开出信用证，卖方有权发出通知取消本合同，或接受买方对本合同未执行的全部或部份，或对因此遭受的损失提出索赔。

•　　TheBuyershallestablishaLetterofCreditbeforetheabove-stipulatedtime，failingwhich，theSellershallhavetherighttorescindthisContractuponthearrivalofthenoticeatBuyerortoacceptwholeorpartofthisContractnonfulfilledbytheBuyer，ortolodgeaclaimforthedirectlossessustained，ifany.

•8.包装（Packing）：

•9.保险（Insurance）：

•　　按发票金额的＿＿＿%投保＿＿＿＿＿险，由＿＿＿＿负责投保。

•　　Covering_____Risksfor______110%ofInvoiceValuetobeeffectedbythe____________.

•10.品质/数量异议（Quality/Quantitydiscrepancy）：

•　　如买方提出索赔，凡属品质异议须于货到目的口岸之日起30天内提出，凡属数量异议须于货到目的口岸之日起15天内提出，对所装货物所提任何异议于保险公司、轮船公司、其他有关运输机构或邮递机构所负责者，卖方不负任何责任。

•　　Incaseofqualitydiscrepancy，claimshouldbefiledbytheBuyerwithin30daysafterthearrivalofthegoodsatportofdestination，whileforquantitydiscrepancy，claimshouldbefiledbytheBuyerwithin15daysafterthearrivalofthegoodsatportofdestination.ItisunderstoodthattheSellershallnotbeliableforanydiscrepancyofthegoodsshippedduetocausesforwhichtheInsuranceCompany，ShippingCompany，otherTransportationOrganization/orPostOfficeareliable.

•11.由于发生人力不可抗拒的原因，致使本合约不能履行，部分或全部商品延误交货，卖方概不负责。

本合同所指的不可抗力系指不可干预、不能避免且不能克服的客观情况。

•　　TheSellershallnotbeheldresponsibleforfailureordelayindeliveryoftheentirelotoraportionofthegoodsunderthisSalesContractinconsequenceofanyForceMajeureincidentsthatmightoccur.ForceMajeureasreferredtointhiscontractmeansunforeseeable，unavoidableandinsurmountableobjectiveconditions.

•12.仲裁（Arbitration）：

•　　因凡本合同引起的或与本合同有关的任何争议，如果协商不能解决，应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会深圳分会。

按照申请仲裁时该会当时施行的仲裁规则进行仲裁。

仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方均有约束力。

•　　Anydisputearisingf