国际贸易理论与实务.docx

1、国际贸易理论与实务Chapter I INTRODUCTION Reasons for international trade Benefit of international trade Problems in international tradeReasons Resource reason(favorable climatic conditions and terrain, natural resources, insufficient production, skilled workers, capital resources, favorable geographic locati

2、on and transport cost) Economic reason(Absolute Advantage by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations ; Comparative Advantage by David Richard in Principle of Political Economy) Political reason(dominating group, party, national interest)Benefit of international trade Cheap goods Greater variety when goo

3、ds come from more countries Wider market with increasing number of trade ring partners Growth of economyProblems in international trade Cultural problems (language, customs and manners) Monetary conversation Trade restrictions (tariff: specific duty, Ad valium duty, mixed or compound duty, alternati

4、ve duty. non-tariff barriers: quota, import license, foreign exchange control, state monopoly of import and export, government procurement policy, advanced deposit, technical standard. packing and labeling regulations, minimum price) Surtax: countervailing duty, anti-dumpling duty, variable dutyDefi

5、nitions of key terms International trade is the exchange of visible goods and invisible services produced in one country for those produced in another country. Culture is a set of learned core values, beliefs, standards, knowledge, morals, laws and behaviors shared by individuals and societies that

6、determines how an individual acts, feels, and views oneself and others. Translate the following terms into Chinesecomparative advantage, productivity, economies of scales, Import surtax, anti-dumpling duty, non-trade barrier, labor-intensive industry, invisible service, monetary conversion, labeling

7、 and tagging regulation, Principle of Political Economy Translate the following into Chinese According to the methods in which tariffs are collected, there are four types of duties. Specific duty is collected per physical unit-according to weight, volume, measurement and quantity, etc. Ad valium dut

8、y is collected acceding to value or price, ie. at a percentage of the price. Mixed or compound duty is collected according to either specific duty or ad valoem duty ,then the other. An alternative duty is collected whichever the higher between specific duty and ad valoem duty.International trade bus

9、iness is mainly about the procedures or steps involved in cross-border transactions, terms and conditions involved in overseas business contracts and relevant international practices and laws.International trade procedures (EXPORT) Preparation before business Business negotiation and contract signin

10、g Performance of the business contract Preparation before business Export operation right and export license Target country (cultural background, economic situation, political climate, current import and export statistics, government policy on international trade, information on trade barriers and r

11、estrictions.) Business partner (business reference, background information, business scope, annual business volume, major customers, business culture)(consulting firm, trade fairs or shows, international trade expos or exhibitions, Commercial Counselors Office, Chamber of Commerces, Trade Directory,

12、 banks, medias, business connections, MOFTEC and its Provincial committee) Negotiation team (commercial, technical, financial, legal and administrational)Business negotiation I Face-to-face talk and correspondence talk such as letters fax E-mail, etc.) Negotiation topics (quality, price, quantity, t

13、ime of delivery, insurance, packing, commodity inspection and claim, payment, transportation, documents, arbitration, Force Majeure, Late Delivery and penalty) Establishing business relationship Dear Sirs, Your firm has been recommended to us by John Morris &Co. , with whom we have done business for

14、 many years. We specialize in the export of Chinese Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals, which have enjoyed great popularity in world market. We enclose a copy of our catalogue for your reference and hope that you would contact us if any item is interesting to you. We hope you will give us an early reply.

15、 Yours faithfullyBusiness negotiation II* InquiryEnquiryPlease quote the lowest price of CFR Singapore for 1,000 boxes of large size Maxam Dental Cream at the earliest delivery.Dear Sirs,We are glad to note from your letter of March 9 that, as an exporter of Chinese Cotton Piece Goods, you are desir

16、ous of entering into direct business relations with us. This happens to coincide with our desire.At present, we are interested in Printed Shirting and shall be pleased to receive from you by airmail catalogue, samples, and all necessary information regarding these goods so as to acquaint us with the

17、 quantity and workmanship of your suppliers. Meanwhile please quote us the lowest price CIF Vancouver, inclusive of our commission, stating the earliest date of shipment.Should your price be found competitive and delivery date acceptable, we intend to place a large order with you.We trust you will g

18、ive us an early reply.Yours faithfully Performance of the contract Cargo readiness Asking for open LC Export customs clearance Shipping Insurance if necessary Document and payment Settle claim if anyBusiness negotiation II Offer Counter-offer, re-counter-offer (YOUR EIGHTH OFFER REPLY REACHIN US FIF

19、TEENTH MAXAM TOOTH PASTE ARTNO101 PACKED IN CARTONS OF SIX DOZENS EACH STERLING THIRTYTWO PER GROSS CIF LONDON DECEMBER SHIPMENT IRREVOCABLE SIGHT CREDIT Acceptance (YOUR FOURTEENTH WE ACCEPTAGREECONFIRM) Contract (This is to acknowledge with thanks your order No 123 received on March 2nd .We expect

20、 to ship _ on _ from_. Thanks for the opportunity to be of your service for you. Procedures (import) Import licenses Target country Business partner Negotiation team Establishing business relation Negotiation process Opening LC Booking shipping space Insurance Document examination and payment Import

21、 Custom clearance Taking delivery and inspection Claim if necessaryExercises1 please briefly describe the export process.2 translate the following into Chinese. (1) 我公司经营电子产品的进出口业务，希望与贵方建立贸易关系。（2）兹报实盘以贵方五日内接受为准。（3）若贵方愿意降低价格，比方说5%，我们愿向你方试定此货。（4）由于大量承约，我们不能接收订单，但是一旦新货源到来，我们将随即去电与你方联系。Chapter 3 Contrac

22、t 编 号（No.） ：_ 签约地点（Signed at） ：_ 日 期（Date） ：_ 卖方（Seller） ：_ 地址（Address） ：_ 电话（Tel） ：传真（Fax） ：_ 电子邮箱（E-mail） ： 买方（Buyer） ： 地址（Address） ： 电话（Tel） ：传真（Fax） ：_ 电子邮箱（E-mail） ： _ 买卖双方经协商同意按下列条款成交： The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transactions according to the terms and c

23、onditions set forth as below： 1. 货物名称、规格和质量 （Name， Specifications and Quality of Commodity）： 2. 数量（Quantity）： 3. 单价及价格条款 （Unit Price and Terms of Delivery） ： 除非另有规定，“FOB”、“CFR”和“ CIF”均应依照国际商会制定的2000年国际贸易术语解释通则 （INCOTERMS 2000）办理。） The terms FOB，CFR，or CIF shall be subject to the International Rules

24、for the Interpretation of Trade Terms （INCOTERMS 2000） provided by International Chamber of Commerce （ICC） unless otherwise stipulated herein.） 4. 总价 （Total Amount）： 5. 允许溢短装（More o r Less）： %. 6. 装运期限（Time of Shipment）： 收到可以转船及分批装运之信用证天内装运。 Within _ days after receipt of L/C allowing transshipment

25、and partial shipment. 7. 付款条件（Terms of Payment）： 买方须于 前将保兑的、不可撤销的、可转让的、可分割的即期付款信用证开到卖方，该信用证的有效期延至装运期后_天在中国到期，并必 须注明允许分批装运和转船。 By Confirmed， Irrevocable， Transferable and Divisible L/C to be available by sight draft to reach the Seller before _ and to remain valid for negotiation in China until _afte

26、r the Time of Shipment. The L/C must specify that transshipment a nd partial shipments are allowed. 买方未在规定的时间内开出信用证，卖方有权发出通知取消本合同，或接受 买方对本合同未执行的全部或部份，或对因此遭受的损失提出索赔。 The Buyer shall establish a Letter of Credit before the above-stipulated time， failing which， the Seller shall have the right to rescin

27、d this Contract upon the arrival of the notice at Buyer o r to accept whole o r part of this Contract non fulfilled by the Buyer， o r to lodge a claim for the direct losses sustained， if any. 8. 包装（Packing）： 9. 保险（Insurance）： 按发票金额的%投保险，由负责投保。 Covering _ Risks for_110% of Invoice Value to be effecte

28、d by the _. 10. 品质/数量异议 （Quality/Quantity discrepancy）： 如买方提出索赔，凡属品质异议须于货到目的口岸之日起30天内提出，凡属 数量异议须于货到目的口岸之日起15天内提出，对所装货物所提任何异议于保险 公司、轮船公司、其他有关运输机构或邮递机构所负责者，卖方不负任何责任。 In case of quality discrepancy， claim should be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination，

29、 while for quantity discrepancy， claim should be filed by the Buyer within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination. It is understood that the Seller shall not be liable for any discrepancy of the goods shipped due to causes for which the Insurance Company， Shipping Company， oth

30、er Transportation Organization /or Post Office are liable. 11. 由于发生人力不可抗拒的原因，致使本合约不能履行，部分或全部商品 延误交货，卖方概不负责。本合同所指的不可抗力系指不可干预、不能避免且不 能克服的客观情况。 The Seller shall not be held responsible for failure o r delay in delivery of the entire lot o r a portion of the goods under this Sales Contract in consequenc

31、e of any Force Majeure incidents that might occur. Force Majeure as referred to in this contract means unforeseeable， unavoidable a nd insurmountable objective conditions. 12. 仲裁（Arbitration）： 因凡本合同引起的或与本合同有关的任何争议，如果协商不能解决，应提 交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会深圳分会。按照申请仲裁时该会当时施行的仲裁 规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方均有约束力。 Any dispute arising f