六级汉译英专项练习答案及解析Word格式.docx
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4)havebeenrevisingmyresumeallthemorning
现在完成进行时)
5)No.IthasbeenfiveyearssinceIwentonholiday
Ithasbeen…sincesb.didsth.表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了)
6)Hehasbeeninthearmyfor5years
1.现在完成时;
2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间)
三、被动语态
1)isbeingreplacedbythecomputerandtheprojector
被动语态的现在进行时)
2)willhavebeenpublishedbytheendofthisyear
被动语态的将来完成时)
3)canbeusedtodemonstratethewaythatcellswork
1.被动语态与情态动词联用;
2.汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动,要译成英语的被动语态)
4)Iwasstartled,forthepriceswereagreatdealhigherthanIhadanticipated
同“3”的考点2)
5)Effectivemeasuresmustbetakenimmediately
汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态)
四、情态动词
1)butthereisnoanswer.Shecan’tbeathome
情态动词可以表示可能性,can’t表示“一定不”)
2)Imayhavelefttheminthecoffeeshopyesterday
“情态动词can/could,may/might,must+完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断)
3)Youmusthavedreamedofsomethingterrible
同上)
4)Youshouldhaveinvitedhertoyourgraduationceremony
“情态动词should/oughtto+havedone”用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作,含有批评的意思)
5)Ineedn’thaveputonmybestsuittogototheparty
“情态动词needn’t+have+done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论,认为“无须发生”,“不必做”)
五、虚拟语气
1)IhadhadyouropportunitieswhenIwasyoung
Iwish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望)
2)hehadknownthisdiseaseiscurable
Ifonly引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是……就好了”,用法与Iwish…基本相同)
3)painteditblue,andwithoutanydecorations
wouldrather后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实)
4)measuresweretakentosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams
It’s(about/high)time后的that从句中用过去式,表示“该是……的时候了”)
5)asthoughheweredeliveringaspeechatanassembly
asif/asthough引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑)
6)Jack(should)besenttohospitalrightnow
表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的宾语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式)
7)moremobileshops(should)besetupintheresidentialarea
表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式)
8)they(should)setupaspecialboard/committeetoexaminethisproblem
表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的表语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式)
9)themid-termexams(should)becanceled
表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式)
[表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词及其名词常见的有:
advise(advice),agree(agreement),decide(decision),decree,demand,determine(determination),grant,indicate(indication),insist(insistence),order,prefer(preference),propose(proposal),request,require(requirement),resolve(resolution),stipulate(stipulation),suggest(suggestion),urge,vote;
常见的这类动词还有:
allow,arrange,ask,beg,concede,demonstrate,ensure,intend,move,pledge,pray等]
10)we(should)beshortofwaterinacountrywhereitisalwaysraining
在Itis/was+形容词后的that从句中常用“sb.shoulddo”的形式表示建议惊奇等。
这类形容词常见的有:
advisable,anxious,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,desirable,eager,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,improper,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferable,proper,urgent,vital,willing等)
11)everyone(should)bepreparedforemergency
12)IfhehadbookedticketsinthewayItoldhim
在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反)
13)ifIhadnotbeeninterrupted
14)Ifithadrained,thegroundwouldbewet
在非真实条件句中,当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时,就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式)
15)IfIhadbeenlivinginNewYork
16)hewouldbedeadnow
17)wecouldnothaverentahouseatsuchalowprice
butfor经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语)
18)otherwise,itwouldhavetakenmemoretimetoworkoutthisquestion
otherwise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语)
19)Iwouldseizetheopportunitywithouthesitation
在非真实条件句中如果有were,had,should这三个词,可以省去if,采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件)
20)thisactwouldhavebeenpassedmuchearlier
21)thecontinuedexistenceofthehumanracewouldbeinjeopardy
22)lestheshouldawakenthebaby
lest(以免)引导的从句通常用sb.shoulddo的形式表示虚拟)
六、不定式
1)tocompletea24-storybuildingin10months
不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式,而将不定式移到谓语后面)
2)forustohaveagoodnight’ssleepbeforethetest
有时用“介词for+代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语,这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情,这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有:
necessary,important,possible,impossible,allright,essential等)
3)ofyoutodonatesomuchmoneytothepeopleinthedisasterarea
有时用“介词of+代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语,这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人,这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有:
absurd,bold,brave,careful,careless,cowardly,cruel,foolish,generous,good,honest,kind,nice,polite,rude,selfish,silly,stupid,thoughtful,thoughtless,wicked,wise,wrong等)
4)nottopunishthosestudentswhohadbeenlateforclass
1.用不定式结构作decide的宾语;
2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not)
(能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有:
afford,agree,ask,attempt,beg,begin,bother,care,choose,claim,consent,decide,demand,desire,dislike,endeavor,expect,fail,fear,forget,happen,hate,help,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,like,love,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,pledge,prefer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,remember,resolve,start,threaten,undertake,venture,volunteer,vow,want,wish)
5)whethertovisittheirsoninFrance
“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。
能以这种结构作宾语的动词通常有ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,forget,guess,know,learn,observe,remember,see,tell,understand,wonder等)
6)warnedmejustnownottowaterflowersatnoon
不定式作宾语补语)
7)invitedhimtogiveusalectureonmodernart
(能带不定式结构作宾语补语的动词有advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,challenge,command,compel,enable,determine,encourage,expect,feel,find,force,get,hate,have,hear,help,informinvite,let,like,make,mean,need,notice,notify,oblige,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,see,send,teach,tell,tempt,trouble,urge,want,warn,watch,wish等。
注:
划线的动词后面的不定式不带to)
8)tobethechairmanofstudents’unioninsolargeauniversity
动词+it+形容词/名词+不定式。
it是形式宾语,不定式是真正宾语)
9)toapplywhatwehavelearnedinclasstopractice
不定式作定语)
(不定式常用作以下名词/代词的定语:
ability,ambition,anything,attempt,capability,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something,tendency,time,way,wish等)
10)ruinedourplantoshowthefilmintheopenair
11)thedecisiontobuildanuclearpowerstationinthesuburbs
12)Americanwomantoexploretheouterspace
由only,last,next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语)
13)onlytodropitontheirownfeet
不定式作结果状语)
14)tomeetahighschoolclassmateinthemountainvillage
不定式作原因状语)
15)tohavetakenupsomuchofyourtime
1.不定式作原因状语;
2.不定式的完成时)
16)tobestandinginthedoorwaywhenherushedin
不定式的进行式)
17)tobetreatedasaguest
不定式的被动形式)
18)gotothecampusbookstoretobuyusedbooks
不带to的不定式)
19)butplaybridgethewholeday
20)towipeourfeetonthematbeforegoingintotheroom
当动词see,make,hear等用于被动语态时,不定式要保留to)
七、分词
1)“Happybirthdaytoyou”sunginItalian
分词作宾语补语)
(catch,discover,feel,find,get,have,hear,keep,leave,make,notice,see,watch等动词常用分词形式作宾语补语)
2)parkedinthefirelane
分词作定语)
3)killingthousandsuponthousandsofpeople
分词作结果状语)
4)raisingtheaverageyieldby15percent
5)tryingtodeduceitsoperatingprinciple
分词作伴随状语)
6)Seeingthateveryonewasbendingoverhis/herbook
分词作原因状语)
7)Deeplymovedbytheboy’sdeeds
8)Seenfromtheeyesofayoungfriend
分词作方式状语)
9)Nothavingheardfromhisparentsforalongtime
1.分词作原因状语;
2.分词的否定形式;
3.现在分词的完成式)
八、动名词
1)Takingacoldbatheveryday
动名词作主语)
2)makingtheirdaughterdowhatshedidn’tliketodo
动名词作动词的宾语)
(下列动词后的宾语只能是动名词而不能是不定式:
admit,advise,allow,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,delay,deny,dislike,dread,encourage,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,can’thelp,imagine,keep,mind,miss,permit,postpone,practice,prevent,propose,recall,recollect,resent,resist,risk,can’tstand,stop,suggest)
3)gettingourgoodsintotheinternationalmarket
动名词作介词的宾语)
4)cryingoverspilledmilk
动名词用于固定结构。
动名词经常与以下词组连用:
beworth,havedifficulty(in),itbenogood/use/worthwhile,therebenoneed/nopointin,how/whatabout,what’sthepointof,what’stheuseof)
5)havingpeekedathisneighbor’stestpaper
动名词的完成式)
6)beingpromotedtomanager
动名词的被动式)
九、非谓语动词用法区别
1)workingveryhard.
mean表示“意味着”)
2)todrivethere,buthiscarbrokedown
mean表示“打算”)
(类似需要区别的动词还有forget,remember,regret,goon,stop等)
3)talkingtohismother
强调正在进行)
4)talktohismotherforanhour
强调整个过程)
5)onlytobreakhisownleg
意料之外的结果)
6)breakinghislegs
意料之中的结果)
7)toseehisparentsingoodhealth
不定式作原因状语位于句末)
8)Seeinghisparentssafeandsound
分词作原因状语位于句首)
9)Followingitsfootprints
现在分词强调主动)
10)followedbytwobodyguards
过去分词强调被动)
十、名词从句
1)WhytheylefttheirhometownforYunnan
主语从句)
2)Whatconfusedmemost
3)Thatthiswasdoneonpurpose
4)whoshouldberesponsiblefor