208非谓语动词精讲精练文档格式.docx
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2）I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.
3）Doyouseeagirlrunningtowardsus?
4）Thelostboywasseenplayingintheriver.
5）Hiswordsleftmewonderingwhathewasdrivingat.
6）Ioftencatchhimsleepinginclass.
二．过去分词
1.过去分词作状语
分词可作时间、条件、结果、原因、伴随等状语，现在分词作状语，表示主动或进行的动作，过去分词状语表示被动或完成的动作，此时分词的逻辑主语是主句的主语，应注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
原因:
1）Encouragedbytheteacher,thestudentsworkedstillharderthanever.
2）Hesoonfellasleep,tiredbythejourney.
3）Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadtodopart-timejobswhenhewasatschool.
4）Senttohospitalwithoutdelay,thechildwassavedatlast.
时间:
1）Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksverybeautiful.
2）Drivenoutofthehouse,thecatclimbedupthetree.
3）Heated,themetalexpands.
4）Leftaloneintheroom,theboybegantocry
条件:
1）Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.
2）Takenintime,themedicinewillbequiteeffective.
3）Lookedatinanotherway,itisaproblemofgreatimportance.
4）Permittedtodoitoncemore,Tomcouldhavedoneabetterjob.
伴随:
1）Heturnedaway,greatlydisappointed.
2）Theprofessorcameintothelab,followedbyagroupofthestudents.
3）“OK,”hesaid,pleased.
4）Hecametogreetus,dressedasabusinessman.
5）Theygothomefinally,tiredandhungry.
特例
bedressedin;
beinterestedin;
bepreparedfor;
bedisappointedat;
becrowdedwith;
befilledwith;
bepleasedwith;
beamazedat;
becaughtin;
beabsorbedin;
besatisfiedwith;
belostinthought;
beconcernedabout;
bedevotedto;
betrappedin;
bestuckin;
beannoyedwith……
2.过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补与宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，与补充说明的成分之间有被动或完成意义。
带过去分词作宾补的动词常见的有：
A.表示感官和心理状态的动词
see,hear,watch,lookat,listento,notice,observe,find,feel,consider
1）Shewasverygladtoseehersonwelllookedafter.
2）IhaveneverheardthesongsunginEnglish.
3）Hewassurprisedtofindhisroomcleaned.
4）Hedidn’tnoticehiswalletstolen.
5）Iconsideredthisproblemsettled.
B.表示“使役”“致使”的动词get,have,keep,leave,make
1）Whenyouspeak,youshouldmakeyourselfunderstood.
2）Pleasekeepmeinformedofthelatestdevelopment.
3）Shewillgetthefencemended.
C.表示要求、希望、命令的动词like,need,order,want,wish
1）Doyouwishyourbreakfastbroughttoyourroom?
2）Ishouldlikethemattersettledimmediately
D.过去分词用在“with+宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
如：
1）Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.
2）Withmanybrightly-coloredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.
3）Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.
E.过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。
现在分词作宾补：
宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。
其动作与谓语动作同时进行。
过去分词作宾补：
宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。
其动作先于谓语动作。
不定式作宾补：
表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。
eg:
1）Hedidn'
tnoticemewaiting.2）IheardthesongsunginEnglish.
3）Isawhimopeningthewindow.4）Isawthewindowopened.
5）Isawhimopenthewindow.6）IheardhersingthesonginEnglish.
现在分词和过去分词作定语的比较
现在分词作前置定语表示正在进行的主动动作。
过去分词作前置定语表示被动，且有已经完成的含义。
可换成相应的定语从句。
boilingwaterboiledwater
therisingsuntherisensun
aburningstickaburned/burntstick
abrokencup
afallingtreeafallentree
thepeoplequestionedintheroom
thepeoplesingingintheroom
thepeopletakingpart
theboysittingnearthewindow
thefactorybuiltlastyear
theonlyticketleft
thestudentspresentatthemeeting
三．不定式
1.动词不定式（短语）作宾语
Iwillleaveittoyoutomakethefinaldecision.我将由你来做最后的决定。
Shedecidedtoquitherjobatlast.最后，她决定辞职。
Ihopetoseeyousoon.我希望很快见到你。
注意：
1）在以下这些动词后面只能跟动词不定式（短语）作宾语：
afford,agree,aim,ask,claim,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,hope,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,threaten,wish,want等。
2.动词不定式（短语）作宾语补足语或在被动语态中作主语补足语
We'
dloveyoutogiveusahand.我们想让你帮个忙。
Hewasmadetorepairthebrokenchair.要他修理弄坏的椅子。
Shewasseentodrawawonderfulpicture.有人见她作了幅美丽的画儿。
1）在一些动词后，用作宾语补语的动词不定式符号to要省略掉。
这类动词包括感官动词以及使役动词，如feel,spot,lookat,listento,observe,see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等。
但如果句子为被动语态，动词不定式（短语）为主补时，要带to（let除外）。
Iheardhersingasonginthenextroomyesterday.我昨天听见她在隔壁唱过一首歌。
（Shewasheardtosingasonginthenextroomyesterday.）
IhadJohnfixmybike.我让约翰修理我的自行车。
Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.这男孩被迫早上床睡觉。
Shewasseentowalkintotheclassroomwithabookunderherarm.有人看见她胳臂下夹着一本书走进了教室。
2.动词不定式（短语）作定语
Whenthequestionwasout,hewasthefirstonetoraisehishand.
问题一提出，他第一个举起手。
IamafraidIcannotattendyourparty,forIhavetoomanythingstodo.[表将来]
恐怕我不能参加你的晚会了,因为我有好多事情要做。
a.当被修饰的是不定代词如everything,anything,much,little等，或被修饰的名词前被形容词最高级，序数词，theonly等强调结构修饰时，非谓语动词作定语则只能用动词不定式。
Hewasthelasttorealizetheimportanceofthisproblem.他没有及时意识到问题的重要性。
Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.
b.下列名词后用不定式作定语。
chancedecisionwishpromiseplantimeattempteffortrightabilitypatience
Hehadnotimetothinkaboutrest.
Isthatthebestwaytosolvetheproblem.
3.作目的状语
Thewholefamilycameouttoseemyperformance.全家人出来看我表演。
Hecalledtosaygoodbye.他打电话来道别。
Tocatchthefirstbus,LiLeistartedoutearly.
I’mheretotellyouapieceofgoodnews.
四．动名词
考点：
1.作主语
Readingisanart.读书是一种艺术。
Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.爬山真是有趣
Workingintheseconditionsisnotapleasurebutasuffer.
在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
Swimmingisagoodsportinsummer.
2.作宾语
下列动词或短语后只能用动名词作宾语advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,giveup,cannothelp,imagine,include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,delay,practise,resist,suggest,dependon,thinkabout,setabout,succeedin,worryabout,burstout,insiston,can’tstand,beusedto,getusedto,devote…to…,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto,escape等。
下列动词后用不定式和动名词作宾语意思不同
trymeanrememberforgetregretgoon
2015北京高考各区一模二模
非谓语动词专练
1.Duringtheweekend,thehealthclubisusuallyfullofpeople_____togetinshape.
A.tryB.triedC.tryingD.havingtried【东城区一模】
2.–Canyougivemearide?
–Sorry.Thereisnoroom_____inmycar.【东城区一模】
A.toleaveB.leavingC.leftD.beingleft
3.–Goodnews!
There’sasupermarket_____inthisareanextmonth!
–Cool!
Itwillbeconvenientforuswhenit’sopen!
【东城区一模】
A.buildingB.builtC.havingbuiltD.tobebuilt
4.InChina,NewYear'
sDayisn'
tabigmoment______withtheSpringFestival．
A．comparingB．compared【西城区一模】
C．tocompareD．beingcompared
5.Mygrannydoescrosswordpuzzleseachday______hermindsharp．【西城区一模】
A．tokeepB．keptC．havingkeptD．tobekept
6.Anewlearningcenterhasbeenbuiltintheschool,______studentstogettoknowtheworldmoreeasily．【西城区一模】
A．allowB．allowedC．toallowD．allowing
7.opinionsontheschedule,wefinallyreachedonagreement.【海淀区一模】
A.HavingexchangedB.ExchangingC.ExchangedD.Toexchange
8.Mikewillbecomethefirstpersoninhisfamilycollegeeducation.【海淀区一模】
A.finishedB.havingfinishedC.finishingD.tofinish
9.PremierLiKeqiangdeliveredaspeechattheconference,universitygraduatestostarttheirownbusiness.【海淀区一模】
A.encouragingB.toencourageC.havingencouragedD.encouraged
10.Although___fromillnessesforyears,theoldladystillfacesherdaywithasmile.
A．sufferedB．havingsuffered【石景山区一模】
C．sufferingD．havingbeensuffered
11.ThenewsoftwareEmperor’sOneDaygiveschildrenthechance___lifeasaruler.
A．experiencedB．toexperience【石景山区一模】
C．beingexperiencedD．havingexperienced
12.Weareeagertoseeconcretemeasuresagainstsmog_______inthenearfuture.
A．takenB．beingtaken【石景山区一模】
C．totakeD．take
13.Tommadeanexcellentspeechwithout_______hisnotesevenforonce.
A．referredtoB．beingreferredto【石景山区一模】
C．referringtoD．havingreferredto
14.Thefood_inthiswaykeepsfresh．【丰台区一模】
A．prepareB．preparingC．toprepareD．prepared
15._tothehouseowner,thedesignerhadaclearideaofwhattodo．【丰台区一模】
A．TotalkB．TalkedC．HavingtalkedD．Beingtalked
16.WheneverI'
mintrouble,Ihearavoice_inmyhead“Youcandoit．"
【丰台区一模】
A．toringB．ringingC．rungD．havingrung
17.Theroad_nextweekleadstoHighway62．【丰台区一模】
A．buildingB．tobuildC．tobebuiltD．built
18.Inordertokeepfit,theoldmanmakesitarule_____forawalkaftersuppereveryday.
【朝阳区一模】
A.going
B.togo
C.go
D.gone
19.Oh!
Icanfeelsomething_____upmyleg!
Itmustbeaninsect.【朝阳区一模】
A.toclimb
B.climbing
C.climb
D.climbed
20.Comparisonmaymakesomethingappearmorebeautifulthanitiswhen_____alone.
【朝阳区一模】
A.seen
B.seeing
C.see
D.tosee
21.S
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