第五讲 非谓语动词Word文档格式.docx
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在句中做主、宾、定和表语
Ⅰ.动词不定式:
to+动词原形(在某些情况下可以不带to)。
(没有人称和数的变化,可以有自己的宾语和状语,可以有时态和语态的变化)
1.一般式:
主动语态:
todo,被动语态:
tobe+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)
2.进行式:
tobedoing,被动语态:
无(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)
3.完成式:
tohave+动词过去分词,被动语态:
tohavebeen+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)
4.用法:
(1)作主语:
Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.
=It'
snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.
(2)作表语:
Themostimportantthingistofinishtheworkontime.
(3)作宾语:
a.动词+todo.Hedecidedtobuyanewwatch.(agree,choose,want,hope,like,wish,learn,love,plan,try,start,afford…)
b.动词+疑问词+todoIdon'
tknowwheretoputthebike.
c.动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+todoIfinditimportanttolearnasecondforeignlanguage.
(4)作补语:
a.动词+宾语+todoTomaskedmetoshowhimthenewshoes.(tell,wish,ask,want,like,beg,invite,allow,encourage…)
b.动词+宾语+不带to的动词HeoftensawTomplayfootball.(see,hear,feel,watch,notice,have,make,let…)
(5)作状语:
a.表示目的:
HewenttoGuangzhoutoseehissons.Hegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.
b.表示结果:
Heistootiredtowalkanyfarther.Theyaren'
toldenoughtogotoschool.
c.表示原因:
Heissorrytohearthat.Iamgladtoseeyou.
(6)作定语:
Ihavesomethingtotellyou.Iwanttobuysomethingtoeat.
5.动词不定式to的省略:
a.在感官动词feel,hear,see,watch,notice及使役动词have,let,make等后面要省to,但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。
Ioftensawhimgooutoftheroom.--------Hewasoftenseentogooutoftheroombyme.
b.在hadbetter,wouldrather,donothingbut等后面常省to。
6.动词不定式的否定形式:
not+todo,有时也可以用-never+todo结构。
以练促记:
1.(2012北京,25)Let'
s________forawalk,shallwe?
A.togoB.goingC.goD.gone
2.(2012天津,41)—Whydon'
tyougoouttoplay,Rose?
—I'
mafraidIcan'
t.Ihavemuchhomework________.
A.doB.doesC.doingD.todo
3.(2012上海,41)Stop________aboutthetraffic.Justthinkaboutwhatwecandotoimproveit.
A.complainB.tocomplainC.complainingD.complained
4.(2012重庆,26)Mr.Liasksthestudents________intheriver,be-causeit'
stoodangerous.
A.swimB.toswimC.nottoswimD.tonotswim
5.(2012广东,44)Ittookmetwoweeks________readingthenovelswrittenbyCuoJingming.
A.finishB.tofinishC.finishesD.finishing
6.(2012福建福州,34)Itwassuchafunnyshowthatpeoplecouldn'
thelp________againandagain.
A.laughB.tolaughC.laughing
7.(2012四川成都,37)Parentsoftenasktheirkids________theirin-ternetfriendsbecausethekidsmaybeindanger.
A.tomeetB.nottomeetC.meeting
8.(2012甘肃兰州,32)Thedoctordidwhathecould________thegirlwhowasbadlyhurtintheaccident.
A.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.saves
9.(2012江西,36)Youneedtotakenotesatthemeetingsomakesure________apenandsomepaperwithyou.
A.bringB.bringingC.tobringD.notbring
10.(2012肉蒙古呼和浩特,8)—Whichdressdoyoulikebest,Madam?
—Sorry,Ican'
tdecide________now.
A.tobuywhichoneB,buywhichone
C.whichonetobuyD.whichIshouldbuyit
11.(2012浙江杭州,27)Mommakesmeeatanappleeveryday________thedoctoraway.
A.keepsB.iskeptC.tokeepD.kept
12.(2012江苏连云港,12)1prefer________someshoppingto________campingsincetheweatherisn'
tlovely.
A.do;
goingB.doing;
goC.do;
goD.doing;
going
13.(2012江苏无锡,8)Myfatherdoesn'
tlikeshoppingmuch.Hewouldrather________TVathomethan________aroundforhoursinshops.
A.watch;
walkB.watch;
towalk
C.towatch;
towalkD.towatch;
walk
Ⅱ.动名词:
动词原形+ing。
具有名词、动词一些特征。
doing,被动语态:
being+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)
2.完成式:
having+动词过去分词,被动语态:
havingbeen+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生)
Childrenenjoywatchinganimatedcartoon.
Idon'
trememberhavingeverseenthefilm.
3.动名词的否定形式:
not+动名词(v-ing)
Iregretnotbeingabletohelpyou.
a.动名词作主语如果太长,可以用形式主语it代替。
LearningEnglishisveryimportant.---It'
sveryimportanttolearnEnglish.
b.No+动名词表示"
禁止"
。
Nosmoking,Noparking.
(2)作宾语:
Hefinisheddoinghishomework.
(3)作表语:
Hisfavouritesportisplayingbasketball.
(4)作定语:
shoppingbasket,finishingline.(表明名词的用途、功能等)
(5)动名词的复合结构:
名词所有格、形容词物主代词+动名词。
Doyoumindmy/WeiFang'
sopeningthewindow?
1.(2011湖北黄冈,40)—________________avolunteerisgreat.
—Ithinkso.Someofuswant________volunteersfortheLondonOlympics.
A.Being;
beingB.Tobe;
being
C.Being;
tobeD.Tobe;
tobe
2.(2011福建福州,39)—Don'
tforget________yourhistoryandpoliticsbookstomorrowmorning.
—Thanks.Iwon'
t.
A.bringB.tobringC.bringing
3.(2011陕西)Hesawalittleboy________onthetruckwhenhegotoffthecar.
A.playedB.toplayC.playingD.isplaying
4.(2011上海)Ithinkpeopleshouldstop________trees,ortheen-vironmentwillbecomeworse.
A.cutdownB.tocutdownC.cuttingdown
5.(2010江苏京)Peterisbusy________atschool,butheneverforgets________exerciseeveryday.
A.working;
doingB.working;
todoC.atwork;
doing
6.(2010天津)—Don'
tforget________________________________myparentswhenyouareinBeijing.
—OK!
Iwon'
A.toseeB.seesC.seeing
7.(2012陕西西安)—Linda,lamverythirsty.
—Let'
sgotothenearestsupermarket________somedrinks,OK?
A.buyB.boughtC.tobuyD.buying
8.(2011天津)Whynot________anEnglishclubtopractice________English?
A.tojoin;
tospeakB.join;
speaking
C.join;
tospeakD.tojoin;
9.(2011湖南)Shesawsomeboys________soccerontheplaygroundwhenshewasonthewaytotheclassroom.
A.playedB.toplayC.playing
10.(2011甘肃)Tellhim________tomorrow,OK?
A.comeB.tocomeC.comesD.iscoming
Ⅲ.分词:
具有形容词、副词和动词一些特征。
(可分为现在分词、过去分词)
㈠.现在分词:
being+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)
Nounderstandingthemeaningofthewords,hecouldn'
texplainthesentence.
(1)作表语:
Theresultissurprising.
(2)作定语:
Developingcountry(主谓关系)sleepingboy(boy所做的动作)
(3)作状语:
Passingbythehouse,hesawagirlplayingthepiano.=whenhewaspassingbythehouse,hesawagirlplayingthepiano.
(4)作宾补:
Ifoundhimlyingonthegrass.
㈡.过去分词:
1.形式:
规则动词+ed,和不规则动词的过去分词。
2.过去分词的否定形式:
not+动词过去分词。
3.用法:
Mybikeisbroken.Heisveryworried.
developedcountry,fallenleaves,spokenEnglish.
Askedwhyhewasabsent,hesaidhewasill.=Whenhewasaskedwhyhewasabsent,hesaidhewasill.
Youhadbetterhaveyourshoesmended.Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.
1.(2010四川成都,42)—Where'
syourbrothernow,Bob?
—Isawhim________inthestreetamomentagoandItoldhim
A.playing;
don'
tdosoB.playing;
nottodosoC.play;
todoso
2.(2010黑龙江哈尔滨,30)Asteenagers,we'
reoldenough________withhousework.Wecanhelpsetthetable,washthedishesandcleanourownrooms.
A.tohelpB.helpingC.helped
3.(2009湖北黄冈,39)—HaveyouseentheTVplayMyUglyMother?
—Yes,it'
swellworth_________________.It'
s_________________movingthatI'
veseenittwice.
A.seeing;
tooB.tosee;
enough
C.seeing;
soD.tosee;
such
4.(2009甘肃兰州,24)Whynot________yourteacherforhelpwhenyoucan'
tbrushfire________itbyyourself?
A.ask;
writeB.toask;
writing
C.ask;
writingD.asking;
write
5.(2008陵西,26)Hisparentsoftenencouragehim________hard.
A.workB.workingC.toworkD.works
6.(2008天津,36)LastweekImetmyoldfriendLiMingbutIforgot________himforhistelephonenumber.
A.askB.askingC.andaskD.toask
7.(2008;
1苏徐州,29)Theboypromised________lateforschoolagain.
A.tonotbeB.nottobeC.notbeingD.beingnot
8.(2012江苏无锡一模,12)YoucanneverimaginethegreatdifficultyIhad________herQQnumber.
A.togetB.gettingC.gotD.nottoget
9.(2012江西新余)—Whydon'
tyouwrite?
—Sorry.Idon'
thaveapen________.
A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith
10.(2012河南新乡)—Whatdoyouplantodothisweekend?
—Idon'
tfeellike________suchalongtrip.Iwouldlikewithmymomathome.
A.having;
stayingB.having;
tostay
C.tohave;
stayingD.tohave;
11.(2011云南)—Howabout________intheriverwithus?
—Sorry,lcan'
t.Myparentsoftentellme________that.
A.swim;
don'
tdoB.swim;
todo
C.swimming;
notdoD.swimming;
nottodo
二、做宾语的非谓语动词比较:
情况
常用动词
只接不定式做宾语的动词
hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen
只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语
mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practice,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,resist,consider
can’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto
两者都可以
意义基本相同
begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)
need,want,require(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)
意义相反
stoptodo停止手中事,去做另一件事
stopdoing停止正在做的事
意义不同
remember/forget/regrettodo(指动作尚未发生)
remember/forget/regretdoing(指动作已经发生)
goontodo(接着做另外一件事)
goondoing(接着做同一件事)
trytodo(设法,努力去做,尽力)
trydoing(试试去做,看有何结果)
meantodo(打算做,企图做)
meandoing(意识是,意味着)
can’thelptodo(不能帮忙做)can’thelpdoing(忍不住要做)
三、非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别:
常见动词
与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念
例句
ask,beg,expect,get,orde