必修五15单元短语Word下载.docx
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计划等)失败,
挫败;
阻挠,
使无效
e.g.Hefinallyconcededdefeat.他最终承认了失败。
◆
区别:
defeat,conquer,overcome
defeat指“赢得胜利”,尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g.defeattheenemy
打败敌人。
conquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,e.g.conquernature
overcome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言,e.g.overcomedifficulties
4.attend:
v.
1)tobepresentat;
goto(meeting,conference,lecture...)出席;
参加
e.g.Hedecidedtoattendthemeetinghimself.他决定亲自赴会。
2)tolookafter,carefor,serve照顾;
看护。
e.g.Whichdoctorisattendingto(on)you?
哪位医生护理你?
3)togowith伴随
e.g.Theworkwasattendedwithmuchdifficulty.这项工作带来许多困难。
5.expose...to...
e.g.Don'
texposeyourskintothesunfortoolong.
Theyhadtobeexposedtotheenemy'
sgunfire.
6.blamesb.forsth.
因为某事责备某人
e.g.Heblamedtheboyforhismistake.
★
betoblame:
应受责备,应负责任
Whoistoblameforthemistake?
这个错误应归咎于谁?
7.inaddition:
除此之外,另外,
意思相当于
besides,what'
smore
e.g.Ipaid100Yuaninaddition.
InadditiontoEnglish,hehastostudyasecondlanguage.
inadditionto,except,besides,beside
inadditionto:
除…之外,还有…,表示递进关系。
e.g.Thecompanyprovidedtheworkerswithfreelunchinadditiontopaidholidays.这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期,还有免费午餐。
except:
除…之外,表示在整体中排除,
e.g.Everyoneexceptmegotaninvitation.除了我以外,所有人都收到了请柬.
besides
表示“除了……以外,还有……”,与inadditionto同义,
e.g.BesidesMrWang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.王先生也去了。
Weallagreedbesideshim.我们都同意,他也同意。
beside
:
在…旁边。
表示方位。
e.g.Lilysitsbesidemeinclass.莉莉在班上做我旁边。
同义句转换
1)HespeaksFrenchaswellasEnglish.
e.g.HespeaksFrenchinadditionto/besidesEnglish.
2)Apartfromthesalary,it’snotabadjob.
e.g.Inadditionto/Exceptthesalary,it’snotabadjob.
8.announce:
公布;
宣告
e.g.Heannouncedhisdecision.他宣布了他的决定。
9.absorbv.
1)吸收Aspongeabsorbswater.海绵吸水。
2)专心于
★beabsorbedinsth:
专心的,全神贯注的
Thelittlegirlwasabsorbedinreadingatale.这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。
10.challenge
n.挑战;
挑战书;
邀请比赛;
要求决斗
vt.向...挑战,要求,怀疑;
vi.挑战,对(证据等)表示异议
e.g.meettheseriouschallenge
面对严峻挑战
Unit2:
1.consistof
=
bemadeupof
由……组成
(没有进行时)
e.g.TheUKconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.
=GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandmakeuptheUK.
2.
separate...from(把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来)
divide...into
把…分开
(把整体分为若干部分)
e.g.Theteacherdividedtheclassintotwogroups.
TheTaiwanStraitseparatesTaiwanfromFujian.
3.debateaboutsth.
e.g.Theydebateabouttheproposalforthreedays.
debate/argue/quarrel
4.clarify:
vt./vi.(causesth.to)becomeclearoreasiertounderstand
澄清;
阐明;
清楚;
明了
e.g.IhopewhatIsaywillclarifythesituation.
Canyouclarifythequestion?
5.belinkedto=beconnectedto/bejoinedto
连接
【习惯用语】★linkAtoB
将A和B连接起来
6.referto
1)提及,指的是……
e.g.Whenhesaid“somestudents”,doyouthinkhewasreferringtous?
2)参考;
查阅;
询问
e.g.Ifyoudon'
tunderstandawordyoumayrefertoyourdictionaries.
Pleaserefertothelastpageofthebookforanswers.
3)关系到;
关乎
e.g.WhatIhavetosayreferstoallofyou.
Thisrulereferstoeveryone.
reference:
n.参考
e.g.referencebooks
参考书
7.toone'
ssurprise(prep)
“toone'
s+
名词”
表
“令某人……”
常见的名词有
“delight,disappointment,enjoyment,astonishment
等
e.g.Idiscovered,tomyhorror,thatthegoodswereentirelyunfitforsale.
ToJohn'
sgreatrelieftheyreachedthehouseatlast.
8....foundthemselvesunitedpeacefully
“find+宾语+宾补(adj;
adv;
v-ing;
pp;
介词短语;
不定式)”
e.g.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.
You'
llfindhimeasytogetalongwith.
Theyfoundthemselvestrappedbythebushfire.
WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmyselfinhospital.
Icalledonhimyesterday,butIfoundhimout.
9.getsthdone=havesthdone
使某事被做…….
e.g.I'
lljustgetthesedisheswashedandthenI'
llcome.
get+n.+todo
get+n.+doing
llgethertoagree.
I'
llgetthecargoing.
getdone:
用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生,意为“被…….”
e.g.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.
10.breakaway(fromsb/sth)
脱离;
破除…
e.g.Itisnoteasyforhimtobreakawayfrombadhabits.
Themanbrokeawayfromhisguards.
breakdown
(会谈)破裂,失败;
(汽车等)出故障;
(人的健康状况)变得恶劣;
(情感)失控
e.g.Hiscarbrokedownonthewaytoworkthismorning.
Hishealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.
Hebrokedownandweptwhenheheardthenews.
Talksbetweenthetwocountrieshavecompletelybrokendown.
breakin
闯入;
打岔
breakoff
中断,折断
breakinto
闯入
breakout
爆发;
发生
breakup
驱散;
分散,拆散
11.aswellas
不仅…而且;
既…又…
e.g.Heisateacheraswellasawriter.
Thechildrenaswellastheirfatherwereseenplayingfootballinthestreet.
12.convenience:
n.方便;
便利(convenient:
adj.
)
e.g.Weboughtthishouseforitsconvenience.
13.attraction:
(attract:
v.)
1).吸引;
引力(不可数n.)e.g.attractionofgravitation重力
2).吸引人的东西;
喜闻乐见的东西;
精彩节目(可数n.)
Hecan'
tresisttheattractionoftheseaonahotday.
Abigcityoffersmanyandvariedattractions.
Whataretheprincipleattractionsthisevening?
14.influence
1)v.对…产生影响
e.g.Whatinfluenceyoutochooseacareerinteaching?
2)可数n.产生影响的人或事
e.g.Heisoneofthegoodinfluencesintheschool.
3)(不可数n.)影响
e.g.Ateacherhasgreatinfluenceoverhispupils.
Unit3:
1.impressionn.
印记;
印象;
感想;
后接
ofsb./ofsth./onsb./that
从句;
e.g.Myfirstimpressionofhimwasfavourable.
Igottheimpressionthattheywereunhappyaboutthesituation.
知识拓展:
impressv.给……留下深刻的印象;
使铭记;
使感动;
常用结构有:
impresssth.on/uponsb./impresssb.withsth.给……留下深刻的印象;
e.g
Itimpressedmethatsherememberedmyname.令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。
remind
v.提醒;
使想起;
常用结构有:
remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事;
remindsb.+(that)/wh-从句提醒某人……;
使某人想起……;
remindsb.about/ofsth.使某人想起或意识到……;
提醒某人某事
msorry,butI'
veforgottenyourname,canyouremindme?
Youremindmeofyourfatherwhenyousaythat.
remindern.提醒物;
引起回忆的事物
3.
constantly
adv.始终;
一直;
重复不断地
e.g.Fashionisconstantlychanging.时尚总是日新月异。
constant
adj.连续发生的;
不断的;
重复的;
4.
previous
adj.先前的;
以往的;
(时间上)稍前的
e.g.Nopreviousexperienceisnecessaryforthisjob.
Icouldn'
tbelieveitwhenIheardthenews.Ihadonlyseenhimthepreviousday.
previouslyadv.先前的;
早先
e.g.Thebuildinghadpreviouslybeenusedasahotel.
5.
bendv.(bentbent)弯曲;
使弯曲;
弯腰;
弯身;
e.g.It'
shardtobendanironbar.把铁棒弄弯很不容易。
Shebentherheadandkissedherdaughter.她低下头吻了她的女儿。
常用搭配有:
bendone'
smind/effortstosth.致力于某事
bendsb.tosth.迫使;
说服
bendthetruth歪曲事实
6.pressv.
压;
按;
推;
挤;
坚持;
敦促
n.
报章杂志,新闻工作者,新闻界
e.g.Shepressedahandkerchieftohisnose.她用手绢捂住鼻子。
Shepresseddownhardonthegaspedal.她用力踩下油门踏板。
Heisstillpressingherclaimforcompensation.他仍坚持索赔。
Thepresswas/werenotallowedtoattendthetrial.庭审谢绝新闻采访。
7.
switchn.&
用作名词表示“开关;
转换”。
用作动词表示“转换”。
e.g.Shemadetheswitchfromfull-timetopart-timeworkwhenherfirstchildwasborn.
Pressthesetwokeystoswitchbetweendocumentsonscreen.
Ican'
tworknextweek,willyouswitchwithme?
8.
lackn.&
用作名词,表示:
“缺乏;
短缺”;
用作动词,表示:
短缺;
没有;
不足”。
e.g.alackoffood/money/skills缺乏食物/金钱/技能
Thetripwascancelledthroughlackofinterest.因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。
Helacksconfidence.他缺乏信心。
lackingadj.缺乏;
匮乏;
不足
9.
surroundingsn.[pl.]
环境;
surroundv.
围绕;
环绕
surroundingadj.
周围的;
附近的
e.g.Everyonelikestoworkinpleasantsurroundings.
10.catch/gain/getsightof
发现,看出
losesightof看不见,忘记
loseone'
ssight失明
atfirstsight一见就;
乍看起来Atfirstsight,theproblemseemseasy.
at(the)sightof一看见就……Atthesightoftheteacher,theboyranaway.
beinsight看得见,在眼前Theislandisstillinsight.
outofsight看不见Outofsight,outofmind.
11.
takeup
tofilloruseanamountofspaceortime占用(时间);
占据(空间)
tolearntoorstarttodosth开始做(某项工作);
开始从事
toacceptsth.thatisofferedoravailable接受(建议或能得到的东西)
e.g.Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.这张桌子太占地儿。
Theyhavetakenupgolf.他们学起打高尔夫球来了。
Shetookuphisofferofadrink.他请她喝一杯,她接受了。
Hetakesuphisdutiesnextweek.他下周就要开始履行职责。
12.
sweepup
打扫;
清扫;
横扫;
涌向;
快速地抱起
e.g.Hesweptupthebabyupintohisarms.他一把将孩子抱进怀里
Unit4:
1.concentratevi.
聚精会神,集中思想,多与
on
和
upon
或连用
Concentrateonyourwork.
集中精神工作。
e.g.Adrivershouldconcentrateontheroadwhendriving.
Industrialdevelopmentisbeingconcentratedinthewestofthecountry.
acquirevt.
获得,
学到,取得,拥有
acquired,acquiring
e.g.SheacquiredaknowledgeoftheEnglishbycarefulstudy.
Somesmokingandalcoholicdrinksareanacquiredtasteandarenotinborn.
accusesb.ofdoingsth.
指责,指控
accused,accusing
e.g.Thepoliceaccusedhimofmurder.警方指控他谋杀。
Sheaccusedhimlying.她指责他说谎.
Hewaswronglyaccusedofstealing.他误遭控告犯偷盗罪.
4.beofinterest/importance,value,use,help,...=interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful...
e.g.Thisisamatterofgreatimportance.这是一件非常重要的事。
Thebookisofgreatvaluetome.这本书对我来说有很大价值。
Thereisnothinginteresting/ofinterestintoday'
snewspaper.
5.journalist
n.新闻记者;
新闻工作者
e.g.Heisaprofessionaljournalist.他是一位专门的新闻从业人员
6.delighted
a.
高兴的,
快乐的
e.g.Iamreallydelighted.我真的很高兴。
delight
n.高兴,愉快;
vt.使高兴,乐于;
vi.感到高兴(或愉快、快乐)
e.g.Singingi