必修五15单元短语Word下载.docx

1、计划等）失败,挫败;阻挠,使无效e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最终承认了失败。区别: defeat, conquer, overcomedefeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g. defeat the enemy打败敌人。conquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,e.g. conquer natureovercome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, e.g. overcome difficulties4. attend: v.1） to be present at; go to （meet

2、ing, conference, lecture.） 出席；参加e.g. He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他决定亲自赴会。2） to look after, care for, serve 照顾；看护。e.g. Which doctor is attending to （on） you? 哪位医生护理你？3）to go with 伴随e.g. The work was attended with much difficulty. 这项工作带来许多困难。5. expose.to.e.g. Dont expose your skin to the

3、 sun for too long.They had to be exposed to the enemys gunfire.6. blame sb. for sth.因为某事责备某人e.g. He blamed the boy for his mistake.be to blame:应受责备，应负责任Who is to blame for the mistake？这个错误应归咎于谁？7. in addition:除此之外，另外,意思相当于besides, whats moree.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition.In addition to English, he

4、 has to study a second language. in addition to, except, besides,besidein addition to：除之外，还有，表示递进关系。e.g. The company provided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays. 这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。except: 除之外，表示在整体中排除，e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了请柬.besides表示“除了以

5、外，还有”，与in addition to 同义，e.g. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了。We all agreed besides him.我们都同意, 他也同意。beside: 在旁边。表示方位。e.g. Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁边。同义句转换1）He speaks French as well as English.e.g. He speaks French in addition to/besides English.2） Apart from the sal

6、ary, its not a bad job.e.g. In addition to/Except the salary, its not a bad job.8. announce:公布；宣告e.g. He announced his decision. 他宣布了他的决定。9. absorb v.1） 吸收 A sponge absorbs water. 海绵吸水。2）专心于 be absorbed in sth: 专心的，全神贯注的The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。10. challenge

7、n.挑战; 挑战书; 邀请比赛; 要求决斗vt. 向.挑战, 要求, 怀疑 ; vi. 挑战, 对（证据等）表示异议e.g. meet the serious challenge面对严峻挑战Unit 2:1. consist ofbe made up of由组成（没有进行时）e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.2.separate . from （把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来）divide.into把分开（把

8、整体分为若干部分）e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups.The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.3. debate about sth.e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.debate /argue/ quarrel4. clarify: vt./vi. （cause sth. to ）become clear or easier to understand澄清；阐明;清楚；明了e.g. I hope what

9、I say will clarify the situation.Can you clarify the question?5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to连接【习惯用语】 link A to B将A和B连接起来6. refer to1）提及，指的是e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?2） 参考；查阅；询问e.g. If you dont understand a word you may refer to your dicti

10、onaries.Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.3） 关系到；关乎e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.This rule refers to everyone.reference: n. 参考e.g. reference books参考书7. to ones surprise （prep）“to ones +名词”表“令某人”常见的名词有“delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment等e.g. I discover

11、ed, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.To Johns great relief they reached the house at last.8. . found themselves united peacefully“find +宾语宾补（ adj; adv; v-ing; pp;介词短语；不定式）”e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.Youll find him easy to get

12、along with.They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.9. get sth done =have sth done使某事被做.e.g. Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come.get + n. + to doget + n. + doingll get her to agree.Ill get

13、the car going.get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被.”e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street.10. break away （from sb / sth）脱离；破除e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits.The man broke away from his guards.break down（会谈）破裂，失败；（汽车等）出故障；（人的健康状况）变得恶劣；（情感）失控e.g. His car broke down on

14、 the way to work this morning.His health broke down under the pressure of work.He broke down and wept when he heard the news.Talks between the two countries have completely broken down.break in闯入；打岔break off中断，折断break into闯入break out爆发;发生break up驱散；分散，拆散11. as well as不仅而且；既又e.g. He is a teacher as w

15、ell as a writer.The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the street.12. convenience: n.方便；便利（convenient: adj.）e.g. We bought this house for its convenience.13. attraction:（attract: v.）1）. 吸引；引力（不可数 n.） e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力2）. 吸引人的东西；喜闻乐见的东西；精彩节目（可数 n.）He cant r

16、esist the attraction of the sea on a hot day.A big city offers many and varied attractions.What are the principle attractions this evening?14. influence1） v. 对产生影响e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching?2）可数n. 产生影响的人或事e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.3） （不可数n.） 影响e.

17、g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils.Unit 3:1. impression n.印记；印象；感想；后接of sb./ of sth./ on sb./ that从句；e.g. My first impression of him was favourable.I got the impression that they were unhappy about the situation.知识拓展：impress v.给留下深刻的印象；使铭记；使感动；常用结构有：impress sth. on/upon sb./impress sb.

18、 with sth.给留下深刻的印象；egIt impressed me that she remembered my name.令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。remindv.提醒；使想起；常用结构有: remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事；remind sb.（that）/wh-从句 提醒某人；使某人想起；remind sb. about/of sth. 使某人想起或意识到；提醒某人某事m sorry, but Ive forgotten your name, can you remind me?You remind me of your father when you s

19、ay that.reminder n.提醒物；引起回忆的事物3.constantlyadv.始终；一直；重复不断地e.g. Fashion is constantly changing.时尚总是日新月异。constantadj.连续发生的；不断的；重复的；4.previousadj.先前的；以往的；（时间上）稍前的e.g. No previous experience is necessary for this job.I couldnt believe it when I heard the news. I had only seen him the previous day.previou

20、sly adv. 先前的；早先e.g. The building had previously been used as a hotel.5.bend v.（bent bent）弯曲；使弯曲；弯腰；弯身；e.g. Its hard to bend an iron bar. 把铁棒弄弯很不容易。She bent her head and kissed her daughter. 她低下头吻了她的女儿。常用搭配有: bend ones mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事bend sb.to sth. 迫使；说服bend the truth 歪曲事实6. press v.压；按；推

21、；挤；坚持；敦促n.报章杂志，新闻工作者，新闻界e.g. She pressed a handkerchief to his nose. 她用手绢捂住鼻子。She pressed down hard on the gas pedal. 她用力踩下油门踏板。He is still pressing her claim for compensation. 他仍坚持索赔。The press was/were not allowed to attend the trial. 庭审谢绝新闻采访。7.switch n. &用作名词表示“开关；转换”。用作动词表示“转换”。e.g. She made the

22、 switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born.Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen.I cant work next week, will you switch with me?8.lack n. &用作名词，表示：“缺乏；短缺”；用作动词，表示：短缺；没有；不足”。e.g. a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物/金钱/技能The trip was cancelled through lac

23、k of interest. 因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。He lacks confidence. 他缺乏信心。lacking adj. 缺乏；匮乏；不足9.surroundings n.pl.环境；surround v.围绕；环绕surrounding adj.周围的；附近的e.g. Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings.10. catch/gain/get sight of发现，看出lose sight of 看不见,忘记lose ones sight 失明at first sight 一见就；乍看起来 At first sigh

24、t, the problem seems easy.at （the） sight of 一看见就 At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away.be in sight 看得见，在眼前 The island is still in sight.out of sight 看不见 Out of sight, out of mind.11.take upto fill or use an amount of space or time 占用（时间）；占据（空间）to learn to or start to do sth 开始做（某项工作）；开始从事to

25、accept sth. that is offered or available 接受（建议或能得到的东西）e.g. The table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地儿。They have taken up golf. 他们学起打高尔夫球来了。She took up his offer of a drink. 他请她喝一杯，她接受了。He takes up his duties next week. 他下周就要开始履行职责。12.sweep up打扫；清扫；横扫；涌向；快速地抱起e.g. He swept up the baby up into his arm

26、s. 他一把将孩子抱进怀里Unit 4:1. concentrate vi.聚精会神，集中思想，多与on和upon或连用Concentrate on your work.集中精神工作。e.g. A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.Industrial development is being concentrated in the west of the country.acquire vt.获得,学到，取得，拥有acquired, acquiringe.g. She acquired a knowledge of the

27、English by careful study.Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not in born.accuse sb. of doing sth.指责，指控accused, accusinge.g. The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀。She accused him lying. 她指责他说谎.He was wrongly accused of stealing. 他误遭控告犯偷盗罪.4. be of interest/ importance,

28、 value, use, help, . = interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful.e.g. This is a matter of great importance. 这是一件非常重要的事。The book is of great value to me. 这本书对我来说有很大价值。There is nothing interesting/of interest in todays newspaper.5. journalistn.新闻记者；新闻工作者e.g. He is a professional journalist. 他是一位专门的新闻从业人员6. delighteda.高兴的,快乐的e.g. I am really delighted. 我真的很高兴。delightn. 高兴, 愉快 ； vt. 使高兴, 乐于； vi. 感到高兴（或愉快、快乐）e.g.Singing i