大三英语商务学年从功能对等看《在彼处大使演讲录》之傅莹英语演讲Word下载.docx

大三英语商务学年从功能对等看《在彼处大使演讲录》之傅莹英语演讲Word下载.docx

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姓名：

陈纯

学号：

201342204202

院系：

外语系

专业：

英语（商务方向）

二零一六年六月

东莞理工学院

CulturalDifferencesinValuesbetweenEastandWest

价值观的中西方文化差异

Thelistoftherelevantarticlesandbooksread:

A）书籍

1.傅莹，《在彼处（大使演讲录）》，外语教学与研究出版社，2015。

2.叶子南，《高级英汉翻译与实践》，清华大学出版社，2013。

3.杨自俭，刘学云，《翻译新论》，湖北教育出版社，2003。

4.何其莘，仲伟合，《高级汉英翻译》，外语教学与研究出版社，2009。

5.樊小琴，DuongHuuDuc，《EnglishPublicSpeakinginAction》，2009

B）期刊文章

1.ZhangYing，《AStudyoftheFunctionalEquivalenceintheBusinessLetterTranslation》，OverseasEnglish，2012

2.丁晓平，《OntheTranslationTheoryofEugeneNida-FunctionalEquivalenceTheory》。

3.余玮，《FacesintheWorld》，ChinaAcademyJournalElectronicPublishingHouse，2010。

4.李志远，《FunctionalEquivalenceTheoryandItsLimitationsinTranslation》，东北电力大学外国语学院，2015，

（1）。

SUMMARY

FuYing,currentvice-foreignministerinChina,hadbeenanChineseambassadortothePhilippines,AustraliaandtheUnitedKingdom.Withhergrace,wisdom,resolve,capabilityandvastexperiences,sheactsasabridgeacrossdifferentculturesandhaswonfamebecauseofherterrificallyexcellentfacultyforinterpersonalcommunication.WhenIWasThere--SelectedSpeechesofFuYing’sEnglishSpeechisacollectionofherspeecheswhilstshewastheambassadortoAustraliaandthentotheUnitedKingdombetween2004-2010.ThespeechesareintendedtomakeiteasyforforeignaudiencestobetterunderstandChina,tohelpenhanceChina’sinternationalimageandraisesoftpowerofournation.

Functionalequivalence,proposedbyEugeneA.Nida,givesprioritytothecommunicationofinformationandfocusitsattentiononnaturalnessoftranslation.Asstatedinfunctionalequivalencetheory,thebesttranslationistheclosestnaturalequivalencetothesourcelanguagemessage.Thereadersofthetranslatedtextshouldbeabletoreceivetheinformationandemotionaswhatisconveyedintheoriginaltextandproducesimilarpsychologicalreactionsasthosewhoreadtheoriginal,whichinthisend,toachievefunctionalequivalence.

Thereobviouslyexistsabroadspectrumofculturaldividebetweentheeastandthewesternworld.Translatorsarerequiredtohaveagoodcommandoffunctionalequivalencetogivethetranslationtoafullplay,enablingforeignreceptorstoapprehendwhatthespeechisdelivering.Onthebasisoffunctionalequivalencetheory,thisthesiswilldiscussseveralcharacteristicsofspeechesandthetranslationofFuYing’sspeechesfromthestandpointoffunctionalequivalencewillbeexplored.Therefore,howFuYingachievesfunctionalequivalenceinhertranslationsoastoexerteffectsontheforeignaudiencewillcometolight.

1.IntroductionofFunctionalEquivalence

1.1EugeneA.NidaandtheConceptofFunctionalEquivalence

EugeneA.Nidahadbeenapioneerinthefieldsoftranslationandlinguistics.Hismostnotableandcontroversialcontributiontotranslationisdynamicequivalence,alsoknownasfunctionalequivalence.TheconceptwasfirstmentionedwhenhewasattempttotranslatingBibleinlate1950s.Later,heupdatedtheexpression”dynamicequivalence”to“functionalequivalence”toavoidmisunderstandings.Hetriedtohighlightthefunctionalequivalenceoftheinformationratherthanthedirectequivalenceofthelanguage’sform,inthiswaytomakesurethemeaningaswellasstyleinthetargettextfunctionallyequivalentwiththoseinthesourceone.Inthiscase,translatorsfollowingthefunctionalequivalencebeartheresponsibilityforbeingfaithfultotheoriginaltextandputtingreceptors’understandingandresponseinthefirstplace.

Sincethen,functionalequivalencehadcreatedabrand-neweraintranslationstudyandwaswidelyadoptedbymanytranslators,thoughitsdisadvantagesremainedafurtherdiscussion.

1.2InfluencesoftheTheory

Whattheconceptoffunctionalequivalencemattersindeedrestsonthebalancebetweenliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.Intraditionaltranslationtheory,literaltranslationpursuesfaithfulnesswiththeequivalenceonlanguage’sformasacore,whereasfreetranslationemphasizesaestheticsofeffectivenessoftranslation.Byprovidingacompellingevidence,functionequivalenceconsequentlyservedtobetheendofthisdisputableissuewhichhavelastedformorethan2000years.

ItisNida’sfunctionalequivalencethatexertstremendousinfluenceonthetranslationstudiesnotonlyinwesterncountriesbutalsointheAsiancountriesincludingChina.Heiscommonlyconsideredtobethemostinfluentialoneamongallthecontemporarytranslationtheorists.

2.TheParticularityofEnglishSpeech

2.1BriefOutlineofPublicSpeech

Publicspeakingissimplyapresentationofaspeaker’sideastoatargetgroupofaudiencestofacilitatemutualunderstandingandappreciation.AsfarasFu’sconcerned,itcallsforthesenseofmissionforthediplomaticspeechtosendoutChina’smessagesandchangestereotypesandmisconceptionsaboutChina.Thekeypointofpublicspeechliesongettingmessagesacrossandensuringunderstandingandinsightsamongforeignaudiences.

Consideringhowtosuccessfullymanageaspeech,threefactorsshouldbepaidspecialattentionto--subject,audienceandpurpose.Todeterminethecontentofyourspeech,youaresupposedtofocusonwhatyouwanttosayandotheriswhattheaudiencewanttohear,bothofwhichareofequalsignificance.Inaddition,tolearntheeducationalandprofessionalbackgroundoftheaudienceaswellastheiragegroup,etc.beforehandisalsointhelistofpreparations.Purposesoughttokeeplevel-headilyinmind.Thatsaid,thepursuitofspeechistoalargedegreecompatiblewiththatoffunctionalequivalence,givingprioritytoreceptorsreactions.Onthepremiseofguaranteeingtheappropriatenessofformaltranslationintargettext,audiencesareexpectedtocrosstheborderoflanguageandculturesandthenobtainthemeaningsthespeakerwantstoexpress.

2.2CulturalDivergencesbetweenEastandtheWest

Owingtothedifferencesinthehistorybetweeneastandthewest,whichturnouttobereflectedonlanguages,certainexpressionshavevariousconnotationsinChineseandEnglish.FuYinghassaid:

”oneofthemajordifficultieswhendeliveringaspeechinEnglishisinfindingthewordsandexpressionsmostcompatiblewiththetargetaudience,withoutlosingtheessenceofthespeechinChineseorweakeningthemessagestobeconveyed.”Thereforeintranslation,translatorsneedtoshifttheusagesandexpressionsandtransferthemeaningasmuchaspossibleasfunctionalequivalencerequiredtoattractforeignaudiencesappetitetolistenandgetfullycomprehended.

3.TheApplicationofFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryinWhenIWasThere-SelectedSpeechesofFuYing’sEnglishSpeech

ThedefinitionoftranslationadvocatedbyNidashowsthatequivalencedoesnotmerelystayinthemeaningofvocabularies,italsoembracestheequivalenceinthetextconnotation,styleandstylistics.Themessagestransferredbytranslationincludethesurfacevocabularymeaningandthedeepculturalinformation.Functionalequivalenceincludesfourlevels:

lexicalequivalence,sentenceequivalence,styleequivalenceandpassageequivalence.SinceEnglishspeechismorecloselyassociatedwiththeformerthreeaspects,Iwouldnotfurtherdiscussthelastoneinthefollowinganalysis.

3.1LexicalEquivalence

Wordsarethemostbasicelementinthetranslationandtheunderstandingandtranslationofawordwouldbethefoundationoftranslationpractice.Intranslationpractice,whatdoespuzzleusishowtofigureoutthecorrespondingexpressionintargetlanguage.Nidahasmentionedthatabsoluteequivalencewouldneverbeachieved.Translatorshavetoapplyallkindsoftranslationskillstomakethemostnaturaltranslationpossiblewithculturallimitationstakenintoconsideration.Inherspeeches,FuYingusesmultitudinousconcise,formal,elegantwordsandevensomecarriedwithhistoricstoriestomatchtheexpressionsinsourcetextsuccessfully.Examplesareasfollowed.

（1）得到一些有趣的启发

Harvestedmanyinterestinginsights

（2）跨越两届的生死之恋

Asweetandsorrowlegendoflovethatdefiesthelimitsofheavenandearth

（3）大部分中国人认为，中国仍是一个发展中国家，不少人甚至认为外界是在“忽悠”中国。

MostofthemstillseeChinaasadevelopingcountryandallthisflatteringbyoutsidersisnothingbut”huyou”,apopularChineseexpression,orliterallyinEnglish,tryingtosweepChinaoffitsfeet.

Inthefirstexample,theoriginalmeaningof“harvest”asaverbistocollectcropsfromthefield.Whilehere,insteadofchoosingwordslike“get”,“obtain”,etc.,Fuuses“harvest”tovividlymanifesttheachievementsshegotafterpayingefforts.Inthesecondsentence,Fuuses”heavenandearth”totransferthemeaningof“两界”.However,inChina,peoplealwayssay“天地”or“阴阳”.Takenwesternersreligionsintoconsiderationbeforetranslation,shestandsfromaforeignersangleandmanagestotransferthemeaningof“death”metaphorically.Asforthelastinstance,FufirstofallstraightlyexplainsitinChineseandthenusesasetphrasethatforeignaudiencesarefamiliarwithinEnglishtorender“huyou”as“sweepsomeoneoffone’sfeet”.Giventherightwordorphrasesareselected,theaudienceareabletocomprehendandappreciatewhatFuwantstoexpressinthesamemannerasChinesepeopledo.Furthermore,thesetranslationsarebriefandarticulate,effectivelyavoidmisunderstandingsamongaudienceandgetthemainideastraightforward.

3.1SentenceEquivalence

Thereisnodenyingthefactthatsentenceequivalenceismorecomplicatedthanlex