大三英语商务学年从功能对等看《在彼处大使演讲录》之傅莹英语演讲Word下载.docx

1、 姓名：陈纯 学号：201342204202 院系：外语系 专业：英语（商务方向）二零一六年六月东莞理工学院Cultural Differences in Values between East and West价值观的中西方文化差异The list of the relevant articles and books read:A）书籍1. 傅莹，在彼处（大使演讲录），外语教学与研究出版社，2015。2. 叶子南，高级英汉翻译与实践，清华大学出版社，2013。3. 杨自俭，刘学云，翻译新论，湖北教育出版社，2003。4. 何其莘，仲伟合，高级汉英翻译，外语教学与研究出版社，2009。5. 樊

2、小琴，Duong Huu Duc，English Public Speaking in Action，2009B）期刊文章1. Zhang Ying，A Study of the Functional Equivalence in the Business Letter Translation，Overseas English，20122. 丁晓平，On the Translation Theory of Eugene Nida-Functional Equivalence Theory。3. 余玮，Faces in the World，China Academy Journal Electr

3、onic Publishing House，2010。4.李志远，Functional Equivalence Theory and Its Limitations in Translation，东北电力大学外国语学院，2015，（1）。SUMMARY Fu Ying, current vice-foreign minister in China, had been an Chinese ambassador to the Philippines, Australia and the United Kingdom. With her grace, wisdom, resolve, capabi

4、lity and vast experiences, she acts as a bridge across different cultures and has won fame because of her terrifically excellent faculty for interpersonal communication. When I Was There-Selected Speeches of Fu Yings English Speech is a collection of her speeches whilst she was the ambassador to Aus

5、tralia and then to the United Kingdom between 2004-2010. The speeches are intended to make it easy for foreign audiences to better understand China, to help enhance Chinas international image and raise soft power of our nation. Functional equivalence, proposed by Eugene A. Nida, gives priority to th

6、e communication of information and focus its attention on naturalness of translation. As stated in functional equivalence theory, the best translation is the closest natural equivalence to the source language message. The readers of the translated text should be able to receive the information and e

7、motion as what is conveyed in the original text and produce similar psychological reactions as those who read the original, which in this end, to achieve functional equivalence. There obviously exists a broad spectrum of cultural divide between the east and the western world. Translators are require

8、d to have a good command of functional equivalence to give the translation to a full play, enabling foreign receptors to apprehend what the speech is delivering. On the basis of functional equivalence theory, this thesis will discuss several characteristics of speeches and the translation of Fu Ying

9、s speeches from the standpoint of functional equivalence will be explored. Therefore, how Fu Ying achieves functional equivalence in her translation so as to exert effects on the foreign audience will come to light.1. Introduction of Functional Equivalence1.1 Eugene A. Nida and the Concept of Functi

10、onal Equivalence Eugene A. Nida had been a pioneer in the fields of translation and linguistics. His most notable and controversial contribution to translation is dynamic equivalence, also known as functional equivalence. The concept was first mentioned when he was attempt to translating Bible in la

11、te 1950s. Later, he updated the expression”dynamic equivalence” to “functional equivalence” to avoid misunderstandings. He tried to highlight the functional equivalence of the information rather than the direct equivalence of the languages form, in this way to make sure the meaning as well as style

12、in the target text functionally equivalent with those in the source one. In this case, translators following the functional equivalence bear the responsibility for being faithful to the original text and putting receptors understanding and response in the first place. Since then, functional equivale

13、nce had created a brand-new era in translation study and was widely adopted by many translators, though its disadvantages remained a further discussion. 1.2 Influences of the TheoryWhat the concept of functional equivalence matters indeed rests on the balance between literal translation and free tra

14、nslation. In traditional translation theory, literal translation pursues faithfulness with the equivalence on languages form as a core , whereas free translation emphasizes aesthetics of effectiveness of translation. By providing a compelling evidence, function equivalence consequently served to be

15、the end of this disputable issue which have lasted for more than 2000 years.It is Nidas functional equivalence that exerts tremendous influence on the translation studies not only in western countries but also in the Asian countries including China. He is commonly considered to be the most influenti

16、al one among all the contemporary translation theorists.2. The Particularity of English Speech2.1 Brief Outline of Public Speech Public speaking is simply a presentation of a speakers ideas to a target group of audiences to facilitate mutual understanding and appreciation. As far as Fus concerned, i

17、t calls for the sense of mission for the diplomatic speech to send out Chinas messages and change stereotypes and misconceptions about China. The key point of public speech lies on getting messages across and ensuring understanding and insights among foreign audiences. Considering how to successfull

18、y manage a speech, three factors should be paid special attention to-subject, audience and purpose. To determine the content of your speech, you are supposed to focus on what you want to say and other is what the audience want to hear, both of which are of equal significance. In addition, to learn t

19、he educational and professional background of the audience as well as their age group,etc.beforehand is also in the list of preparations. Purposes ought to keep level-headily in mind. That said, the pursuit of speech is to a large degree compatible with that of functional equivalence, giving priorit

20、y to receptors reactions. On the premise of guaranteeing the appropriateness of formal translation in target text, audiences are expected to cross the border of language and cultures and then obtain the meanings the speaker wants to express.2.2 Cultural Divergences between East and the West Owing to

21、 the differences in the history between east and the west,which turn out to be reflected on languages, certain expressions have various connotations in Chinese and English. Fu Ying has said:”one of the major difficulties when delivering a speech in English is in finding the words and expressions mos

22、t compatible with the target audience, without losing the essence of the speech in Chinese or weakening the messages to be conveyed.” Therefore in translation,translators need to shift the usages and expressions and transfer the meaning as much as possible as functional equivalence required to attra

23、ct foreign audiences appetite to listen and get fully comprehended.3. The Application of Functional Equivalence Theory in When I Was There-Selected Speeches of Fu Yings English Speech The definition of translation advocated by Nida shows that equivalence does not merely stay in the meaning of vocabu

24、laries, it also embraces the equivalence in the text connotation, style and stylistics. The messages transferred by translation include the surface vocabulary meaning and the deep cultural information. Functional equivalence includes four levels: lexical equivalence, sentence equivalence, style equi

25、valence and passage equivalence. Since English speech is more closely associated with the former three aspects, I would not further discuss the last one in the following analysis. 3.1 Lexical Equivalence Words are the most basic element in the translation and the understanding and translation of a w

26、ord would be the foundation of translation practice. In translation practice, what does puzzle us is how to figure out the corresponding expression in target language. Nida has mentioned that absolute equivalence would never be achieved. Translators have to apply all kinds of translation skills to m

27、ake the most natural translation possible with cultural limitations taken into consideration. In her speeches, Fu Ying uses multitudinous concise, formal, elegant words and even some carried with historic stories to match the expressions in source text successfully. Examples are as followed. （1） 得到一

28、些有趣的启发 Harvested many interesting insights （2） 跨越两届的生死之恋 A sweet and sorrow legend of love that defies the limits of heaven and earth （3）大部分中国人认为，中国仍是一个发展中国家，不少人甚至认为外界是在“忽悠”中国。 Most of them still see China as a developing country and all this flattering by outsiders is nothing but”huyou”, a popular

29、Chinese expression, or literally in English, trying to sweep China off its feet. In the first example, the original meaning of “harvest” as a verb is to collect crops from the field. While here, instead of choosing words like “get”, “obtain” ,etc., Fu uses “harvest” to vividly manifest the achieveme

30、nts she got after paying efforts. In the second sentence, Fu uses”heaven and earth” to transfer the meaning of “两界”. However, in China, people always say “天地” or “阴阳”. Taken westerners religions into consideration before translation, she stands from a foreigners angle and manages to transfer the mea

31、ning of “death” metaphorically. As for the last instance, Fu first of all straightly explains it in Chinese and then uses a set phrase that foreign audiences are familiar with in English to render “huyou” as “sweep someone off ones feet”. Given the right word or phrases are selected, the audience ar

32、e able to comprehend and appreciate what Fu wants to express in the same manner as Chinese people do. Furthermore, these translations are brief and articulate, effectively avoid misunderstandings among audience and get the main idea straightforward.3.1 Sentence Equivalence There is no denying the fact that sentence equivalence is more complicated than lex