B3期中Word文档下载推荐.docx

B3期中Word文档下载推荐.docx

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题1-5

Passage1

Arapidmeansoflong-distancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStatesassettlementspreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafe,effectivestoppingsystem.Oncetheseweresolved,therailroadwasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860therewerethousandsofmilesofrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtotheMississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.

Thehighpointinrailroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttransportationsystem.In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific.TheGovernmenthelpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.Actualworkonthisprojectbeganfouryearslater.TheCentralPacificCompany,startingfromCalifornia,usedChineselabor,whiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworkedatremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocovergreaterdistancethantheother.In1869theymetataplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountry,withparadesandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement.

Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.InlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.1.ThemajorproblemswithAmerica'

srailroadsysteminthemid-19thcenturylayin____.

[A]poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystems

[B]lackof:

financialsupportfordevelopment

[C]limitedrailroadlines

[D]lackofatranscontinentalrailroad

【参考答案】：

A

2.Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem____.

[A]broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfarminginthewest

[B]attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstructionsites

[C]attractedlaborersfromEurope

[D]encouragedpeopletotravelalloverthecountry

3.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe____.

[A]SettlementsSpreadWestward

[B]TheCoast-to-CoastRailroad:

AVitalLink

[C]TheImportanceofRailroadsintheAmericanEconomy

[D]AmericanRailroadHistory

B

4.Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook____.

[A]9years

[B]4years

[C]7years

[D]3years

D

5.Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?

____

[A]Thepossibilityofgovernmentsupportforsuchatask.

[B]TheneedtoexploreUtah.

[C]Theneedtoconnecttheeastcoastwiththewest.

[D]Theneedtodeveloptherailroadindustryinthewest.

C

题6-10

Passage2

WilliamThourlbyissurelyfamiliarwithalltheoldsayingssuchas"

Clothesdonotmaketheman"

or"

Oneshouldnotjudgeabookbyitscover."

Buthisexperiencehasledhimtodoubtthetruthofthesewell-knownproverbs.Aformeractor,Thourlbyhadoftenobservedthedifferencethatacostumecouldmakeintheappearanceofthemenandwomenactingwithhiminaplay.Amanwhohadarrivedatthestudiolookingdull,commonorevenridiculousinill-chosenclothes,wouldemergefromthedressingroomlikeamanofauthority:

ajudge,adoctor,alearnedscientist,theperfectlawyer.Notonlywouldhelookdifferentbuthewouldmoveandworkinthemannerbefittingthecharacter.Becauseofhisclothes,hewasdignified,elegant,orbrilliant.Hefeltdifferent.Thisdoesnothappenonlytoactorsandactresses.Whohasneverfelttransformedbyabeautifuldress,byanewcoat?

Ahighschoolstudentwasaskedrecentlywhatshethoughtofthefactthatprettyclotheswereinfashionagainatherschool."

It'

sagoodchange."

shesaid,“Ithashelpedme.WhenIdressup,Ifeelenergeticandsuccessful.Iamhappier,Iworkbetter.Ifeelgoodaboutmyself.”

Thourlbywasoncecalledbyanimportantbusinessmanwhowasn'

treallypleasedwithhisownsuccess.Theman,whowasdealingwithheadsofstates,foreignministers,andinternationalbankers,thoughtthatthereweresomethingwrongintheeffectthatheproducedonthem.Hehadnoticedthathisbusinessacquaintancesseldominvitedhimtotheirhomes.Afterlookingattheman'

slargeandexpensivecollectionofclothes,Thourlbyadvisedhimtodiscardmostofthem.Allthesplendidcoatswithcolorfulliningsandbrightbuttons,allthefancyshirtsandshowytieshadtogo.Thebusinessmanwasalsopersuadedtogiveupdiamondringsandtoreplacehiswatch.Discreetlyelegant,heresumedhiscareerwithnewconfidence,surenowthathewasgivingtherightimageofhimselfasarespectable,responsibleandtrustworthyindividual.6.Fromparagraph1,itcanbeconcludedthat____.

[A]whateveramanwearsdoesnotmatterverymuchtohischaracter

[B]clothesdonotmakeaman

[C]whatapersonwearsunderstagewillinfluencewhatheactsonstagenomatterwhathewears

[D]befittingclothescanmakeapersongreatlydifferent

7.Accordingtothepassage,Thourlbyisnow____.

[A]anactor

[B]aclothesconsultant

[C]adullandridiculousdoctor

[D]aninternationalbanker

8.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat____.

[A]Thourlbyissuccessfulinhispresentcareer

[B]Thourlbyisverygoodatcostumedesigning

[C]Thourlbylikeshisjobasanactorverymuch

[D]Thourlbyisnotverypleasedwithhissuccess

9.Thourlbyaskedthebusinessmantodiscardallhisclothesbecause____.

[A]hewantedthebusinessmantolosesomeprofitinordertobemoresuccessful

[B]hewantedthebusinessmantosetuparightimageofhimself

[C]hehimselfwantedtoreplacethebusinessman

[D]hewantedthebusinessmantobemoremagnificentlydressed

10.Theproblemwiththebusinessmanwasthat____.

[A]whathewaswearingwerealltooshowy

[B]whathewaswearingwerealltoobad-looking

[C]theclothesheproducedwereallnotgoodenough

[D]thecostumesheproducedwerealltooshowy

题11-15

Passage3

InacountryliketheUnitedStates,wheretherearemillionsofprivatelyownedautomobiles,onemightthinkthatgettingfromhometowokorgettingdowntowntoshopwouldbeveryeasy,butitisnot.Thenumberofautomobileshasgrownmuchmorerapidlythanthenumberoffacilitiesforautomobiles,andmanyAmericancitiesarenotequippedtohandleallthecarsownedbythepeople.Themajorproblemisalackofparkingspace.Itisaverysimplemattertodriveacardowntown,butitisdifficulttofindaplacetoparkitoncethecarisintown.

Soitisthatwithmillionsofprivateautomobilesallcitiesstillmaintainasystemofpublictransportation.Suchasystem,usuallycalledatransitsystem,isoperatedunderapermitgrantedbythecitytoasinglefirmwhichagreestoprovidetransportation.Thecitydecidesthetypeoftransportationitwantsandmaintainstheauthoritytoregulatethetransitsystem,andtofixfaresandroutes.WhilesomecitieslikeNewYorkhaveanundergroundrailwayorsubwaysystem,mostcitieshavestreetcarsorbuses.Thepresenttrendinnearlyallthemajorcitiesinthecountryistowardanallbustransitsystem.

Transitfaresinthecitiesrangeupto50-80centsaridewithtransferprivileges.Thismeansthatwhenapassengerentersabusorstreetcaranddepositshisfareinthefarebox,hemayrequestatransfer.Thedriveroroperatorwillgivehimaslipofpaperonwhichtherewillbeprintedthetimeanddirectionofthetrip.Withhistransfer,thepassengermaygetonanotherbusorstreetcaratatransferpointonhisrouteandcontinuehisridewithoutadditionalcost,solongasheistravelinginthesamegeneraldirectionastheonemarkedonhistransferandsolongashedoessowithintheindicatedtime.

Inadditiontopublictransitsystemandprivateautomobiles,taxi-cabsaidinprovidingtransportationinthecity.Taxi-cabshavetheadvantageofgettingthepassengermorequicklytohisdestinationthanpublicbusesorstreetcars,becausetheydonothavetomakeperiodicstopsfornewpassengers.Moreover,sincethecabhasnoprescribedroutetofollow,thedriverscantaketheshortestroutetohispassenger'

sdestination.Chargesforcabridesaredeterminedeitherbyameterwhichregistersthecostasthetaxidrivesalongorbyzonesystemwherebythecityisdividedintosectionsorzonesandthepassengerpaysacertaincostforeachzonethecabpassesthrough.11.Accordingtothepassage,thebigproblemfacingtheAmericansintransportationisthat____.

[A]therearenotenoughroads

[B]theroadsarenotwideenoughtoholdsomanycars

[C]theroadsarenotwellmanaged

[D]thereisnotenoughparkingplace

12.Atransitsystemisoneoperatedby____.

[A]anyfirmwhichwouldliketodoit

[B]onefirm