20XX年考研《英语二》阅读真题文字版第4页考研doc文档格式.docx

20XX年考研《英语二》阅读真题文字版第4页考研doc文档格式.docx

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RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedworld,recommendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”—theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.

Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork—beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;

developingadailyritual;

ortakinga“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.

Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling”tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime.“Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.OnceonthecalendarIprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctor’sappointmentorimportantmeeting”,hewrites.

Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritizeyourday—inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:

ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:

somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;

othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.

Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcametotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:

thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.

Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy.Wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,“belazy.”

“Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;

itisasindispensabletobebrainasVitaminDistothebody...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,”heargues.

SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounter-intuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperateWhenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.

“Whatpeopledon’trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain”.saysPillay.

36.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto________.

A.keeptoyourfocustime

B.listyourimmediatetasks

C.makespecificdailyplans

D.seizeeveryminutetowork

37.Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat________.

A.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiency

B.dailyschedulesareindispensabletostudying

C.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoals

D.detailedplansmanynotbeasfruitfulasexpected

38.AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis________.

A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeople

B.amajorcontributortophysicalhealth

C.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergy

D.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork

39.Pillaybelievesthatourbrains’shiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused_______.

A.canresultinpsychologicalwell-being

B.canbringaboutgreaterefficiency

C.isaimedatbetterbalanceinwork

D.isdrivenbytaskurgency

40.Thistextismainlyabout_______.

A.waystorelievethetensionofbusylife

B.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime

C.thekeytoeliminatingdistractions

D.thecauseofthelackoffocustime