1、RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedworld,recommendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepworkbeitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyouca
2、nthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling”tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime.“Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.OnceonthecalendarIprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctorsa
3、ppointmentorimportantmeeting”,hewrites.Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritizeyourdayinparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtos
4、etoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcametotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistract
5、ionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy.Wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,“belazy.”“Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletobebrainasVitaminDistotheb
6、ody.idlenessis,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,”heargues.SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounter-intuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperateWhenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtob
7、emoreefficient.“Whatpeopledontrealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain”.saysPillay.36.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto_.A.keeptoyourfocustimeB.listyourimmediatetasksC.makespecificdailyplansD.seizeeveryminutetowork37.Thestudyintheearly1980sc
8、itedbyHarfordshowsthat_.A.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiencyB.dailyschedulesareindispensabletostudyingC.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoalsD.detailedplansmanynotbeasfruitfulasexpected38.AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis_.A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeopleB.amajorcontributortophysicalhealth
9、C.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergyD.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork39.Pillaybelievesthatourbrainsshiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused_.A.canresultinpsychologicalwell-beingB.canbringaboutgreaterefficiencyC.isaimedatbetterbalanceinworkD.isdrivenbytaskurgency40.Thistextismainlyabout_.A.waystorelievethetensionofbusylifeB.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstimeC.thekeytoeliminatingdistractionsD.thecauseofthelackoffocustime
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