Chapter 14 Land UseForests and GrasslandsWord格式.docx

Chapter 14 Land UseForests and GrasslandsWord格式.docx

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B.approximatelywhatproportionofearth'

slandsurfaceisusedineachoffourways.

C.therelativeamountsoflandusefordifferentpartsoftheworld.

D.preciselywhatpercentageoflandusesexist.

E.approximatelywhatproportionoftheearth'

sbiomesareusedineachoffourways.

_____2."

Closedcanopy"

forestsarethoseinwhichtreecrowns 

A.includeallsizesoftrees.

B.arefilledinbysmallervegetation.

C.coverabout20percentofthegroundsurface.

D.coveratleast90percentofthecanopy.

E.coverlessthan20percentofthegroundsurface.

_____3._________,___________,and___________havevastareasoftemperatedeciduousorborealconiferousforest. 

A.CostaRica,Ecuador,Mexico

B.Canada,Europe,theUnitedKingdom

C.Brazil,Africa,SoutheastAsia

D.Russia,Canada,theUnitedStates

E.Europe,Russia,CentralAfrica

_____4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutold-growthforestsistrue?

A.Humansdonotresideinold-growthforests.

B.Old-growthforestshavebeenwithoutdisturbanceofanykindforatleast100years.

C.ThelargestremainingareasofoldgrowthinNorthAmericaareinthePacificNorthwest.

D.Old-growthforestsincludetemperaterainforests,tropicalrainforests,borealforests,anddeciduousforests.

E.Allofthesestatementsarefalse.

_____5.Developedcountriesproduce__________ofallindustrialwoodandaccountfor________ofitsconsumption. 

A.morethanhalf,lessthanhalf

B.lessthanhalf,about80percent

C.morethanhalf,about80percent

D.lessthanhalf,abouthalf

E.lessthanhalf,about20percent

_____7.Fuelwoodharvests 

A.makeupabouthalfofallwoodharvests.

B.makeuponly1percentofindustrialtimberharvests.

C.arefargreaterthanindustrialtimberharvests.

D.makeupabout10percentofallwoodharvests.

E.aremainlyindevelopedcountries.

_____8.Oneofthewaystoincreasetheefficiencyoffuelusedforcookingistouse 

A.sustainablyharvestedfuelwood.

B.biomassforfuelinsteadofwood.

C.foodthatdoesnotrequireasmuchcookingtime.

D.stovestoreplacecookingoveropenfires.

E.Allofthese.

_____10."

Forestmanagement"

meansplanningfor 

A.gainingmaximum,quickprofitfromtrees.

B.sustainableharvestsandforestregeneration.

C.acontinualincreaseinforestcomplexity.

D.buildingthemaximumbiodiversityinaforest.

E.old-growthstatusinthemanagedforests.

_____12.Adisadvantageofmonocultureagroforestryisthatitis 

A.difficulttoharvestwithclear-cutmethods.

B.susceptibletopestsandrequirespesticides.

C.difficulttoreplant.

D.economicallyinefficient.

E.takesmoretimetoreplant.

_____13.Monocultureagroforestryinvolves 

A.harvestingasingletypeoftreeintheforestandthenusingthelandforagriculture.

B.multiple-speciesplantationswhosetreesarehighlyresistanttodisease.

C.single-speciestreeplantationsthatareefficientbutsubjecttodiseases.

D.harvestingonlyasingletypeoftreeintheforestthatisespeciallyuseful.

E.Both"

harvestingasingletypeoftreeintheforestandthenusingthelandforagriculture"

and"

harvestingonlyasingletypeoftreeintheforestthatisespeciallyuseful."

_____15.Milpaandswiddenagriculturearealternativetermsfor 

A.slashandburn.

B.single-cropagriculture.

C.monocultureagroforestry.

D.conservationtillage.

E.mixedperennialpolyculture.

_____16.Milpaorswiddenagricultureintropicalforestsis 

A.anunsustainablepracticethatleadstolandthatispracticallyuselessbecauseofthelossofnutrients.

B.anunsustainablepracticethatleadstoforestfires.

C.sustainableandhighlyproductiveifplotsarereusedeverytwotofiveyears.

D.sustainableandhighlyproductiveifplotsareleftfor10to15years.

E.usuallyusedintemperateforestsratherthantropicalforests.

_____18.Themostsustainablelanduseintropicalforestsisprobably 

A.logging.

B.cattlegrazing.

D.intensive,efficientmodernrowcropping.

E.periodicmixed（swidden）agriculture.

_____19.Althoughmostoftheworld'

sforestsareshrinking,biologistsareespeciallyconcernedabouttropicalforestlossbecause 

A.theycontainsuchhighbiodiversity.

B.tropicaltreesarethebiggesttreesintheworld.

C.theycontainirreplaceablewoodresources.

D.therearefewerremainingtropicalforeststhananyotherforesttype.

E.Allofthesearereasonsthatbiologistsareespecially