Chapter 14 Land UseForests and GrasslandsWord格式.docx

1、B. approximately what proportion of earths land surface is used in each of four ways.C. the relative amounts of land use for different parts of the world.D. precisely what percentage of land uses exist.E. approximately what proportion of the earths biomes are used in each of four ways._2. Closed can

2、opy forests are those in which tree crownsA. include all sizes of trees.B. are filled in by smaller vegetation.C. cover about 20 percent of the ground surface.D. cover at least 90 percent of the canopy.E. cover less than 20 percent of the ground surface._3. _, _, and _ have vast areas of temperate d

3、eciduous or boreal coniferous forest.A. Costa Rica, Ecuador, MexicoB. Canada, Europe, the United KingdomC. Brazil, Africa, Southeast AsiaD. Russia, Canada, the United StatesE. Europe, Russia, Central Africa_4. Which of the following statements about old-growth forests is true?A. Humans do not reside

4、 in old-growth forests.B. Old-growth forests have been without disturbance of any kind for at least 100 years.C. The largest remaining areas of old growth in North America are in the Pacific Northwest.D. Old-growth forests include temperate rainforests, tropical rainforests, boreal forests, and deci

5、duous forests.E. All of these statements are false._5. Developed countries produce _ of all industrial wood and account for _ of its consumption.A. more than half, less than halfB. less than half, about 80 percentC. more than half, about 80 percentD. less than half, about halfE. less than half, abou

6、t 20 percent_7. Fuelwood harvestsA. make up about half of all wood harvests.B. make up only 1 percent of industrial timber harvests.C. are far greater than industrial timber harvests.D. make up about 10 percent of all wood harvests.E. are mainly in developed countries._8. One of the ways to increase

7、 the efficiency of fuel used for cooking is to useA. sustainably harvested fuelwood.B. biomass for fuel instead of wood.C. food that does not require as much cooking time.D. stoves to replace cooking over open fires.E. All of these._10. Forest management means planning forA. gaining maximum, quick p

8、rofit from trees.B. sustainable harvests and forest regeneration.C. a continual increase in forest complexity.D. building the maximum biodiversity in a forest.E. old-growth status in the managed forests._12. A disadvantage of monoculture agroforestry is that it isA. difficult to harvest with clear-c

9、ut methods.B. susceptible to pests and requires pesticides.C. difficult to replant.D. economically inefficient.E. takes more time to replant._13. Monoculture agroforestry involvesA. harvesting a single type of tree in the forest and then using the land for agriculture.B. multiple-species plantations

10、 whose trees are highly resistant to disease.C. single-species tree plantations that are efficient but subject to diseases.D. harvesting only a single type of tree in the forest that is especially useful.E. Both harvesting a single type of tree in the forest and then using the land for agriculture a

11、nd harvesting only a single type of tree in the forest that is especially useful._15. Milpa and swidden agriculture are alternative terms forA. slash and burn.B. single-crop agriculture.C. monoculture agroforestry.D. conservation tillage.E. mixed perennial polyculture._16. Milpa or swidden agricultu

12、re in tropical forests isA. an unsustainable practice that leads to land that is practically useless because of the loss of nutrients.B. an unsustainable practice that leads to forest fires.C. sustainable and highly productive if plots are reused every two to five years.D. sustainable and highly pro

13、ductive if plots are left for 10 to 15 years.E. usually used in temperate forests rather than tropical forests._18. The most sustainable land use in tropical forests is probablyA. logging.B. cattle grazing.D. intensive, efficient modern row cropping.E. periodic mixed （swidden） agriculture._19. Altho

14、ugh most of the worlds forests are shrinking, biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss becauseA. they contain such high biodiversity.B. tropical trees are the biggest trees in the world.C. they contain irreplaceable wood resources.D. there are fewer remaining tropical forests than any other forest type.E. All of these are reasons that biologists are especially