春季北京海天新四级深度阅读讲义丁雪明Word格式文档下载.docx
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其第二部分又分为选词填空和老四级中的阅读理解(即两篇文章,每篇后面有五道四选一题目,一共十道题目)两部分组成。
我们这里只讲解后者。
对于传统的阅读理解题型,考生应该相对了解。
从文章的内容分析,我们可以看出都是现在比较热门和常见的话题,如高科技的发展,教育话题,环境保护,社会热点等。
针对这些特点,我希望考生朋友们在听课备考过程中,一定要理解辅导教师的授课思路与答题技巧。
我在课堂上会告诉大家新四级命题组专家对该部分的要求,从而使考生真正地洞悉阅读理解考项的命题精髓。
阅读部分考查要点如下所述:
1.理解主旨要义;
2.理解文中具体信息;
3.进行有关的判断、推理和引申;
4.依据上下文推测生词的词义;
5.理解作者的意图、观点或态度。
下面我们参看2002年6月大学英语四级阅读理解真题的第一道题目。
Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful.Negativeeventslike“seriousillnessofafamilymember”werehighonthelist,butsoweresomepositivelife-changingevents,likemarriage.WhenyoutaketheHolmes-Rahetestyoumustrememberthatthescoredoesnotreflecthowyoudealwithstress-itonlyshowshowmuchyouhavetodealwith.Andwenowknowthatthewayyouhandletheseeventsdramaticallyaffectsyourchancesofstayinghealthy.
Bytheearly1970s,hundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowedHolmesandRahe.AndmillionsofAmericanswhoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports.Somehow,theresearchgotboileddowntoamemorablemessage.Women’smagazinesranheadlineslike“Stresscausesillness!
”Ifyouwanttostayphysicallyandmentallyhealthy,thearticlessaid,avoidstressfulevents.
Butsuchsimplisticadviceisimpossibletofollow.Evenifstressfuleventsaredangerous,manylikethedeathofalovedoneareimpossibletoavoid.Moreover,anywarningtoavoidallstressfuleventsisaprescription(处方)forstayingawayfromopportunitiesaswellastrouble.Sinceanychangecanbestressful,apersonwhowantedtobecompletelyfreeofstresswouldnevermarry,haveachild,takeanewjobormove.
Thenotionthatallstressmakesyousickalsoignoresalotofwhatweknowaboutpeople.Itassumeswe’reallvulnerable(脆弱的)andpassiveinthefaceofadversity(逆境).Butwhatabouthumaninitiativeandcreativity?
Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswithmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Wealsoknowthatalongtimewithoutchangeorchallengecanleadtoboredom,andphysicalandmentalstrain.
21.TheresultofHolmes-Rahe’smedicalresearchtellsus_________.
A)thewayyouhandlemajoreventsmaycausestress.
B)whatshouldbedonetoavoidstress.
C)whatkindofeventwouldcausestress.
D)howtocopewithsuddenchangesinlife.
分析:
该题为理解文中具体信息题型。
考生在分析该题题干的时候,一定要注意“Holmes-Rahe’smedicalresearch”这个结构。
因为这就是要到文章中进行回归定位的关键短语。
考生此时要了解,命题组专家在进行每一道题目的设置时,总会有留给考生的某些信息关键短语。
我们就是要利用这些短语去指导我们进行作答题目。
考生可以在该篇文章的第一个自然段落的首句中“Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.”找到题目中的“Holmes-Rahe’smedicalresearch”。
将该句话翻译成中文即“二十世纪六十年代,医学研究人员ThomasHolmes和RichardRahe经过研究制定出来了一个可以使人产生压力的事物的名目册”。
考生可以想一下,题目问到他们的研究结果告诉了我们什么。
通过该句的分析,我们当然可以理解为他们的结果刚好可以告诉我们什么样的事物会使得人们产生压力。
综上所述,我们的答案选择为C。
通过上面这个小例子,我们可以理解到在进行阅读理解作答时,考生一定要将题目中的信息关键词语找到,同时认真地到原文中去进行回归定位;
尊重作者在和读者们讲解着什么;
然后利用文章信息的意思去充分地作答正确的选项即可。
历次阅读理解真题选编
PassageOne
要求:
该篇文章是有关未来汽车的设计要有效避免交通堵塞的科技说明文。
考生对此类文章要做到认知准确,同时要精读该部分文章,争取达到会背的程度。
Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.
Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.
Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion(拥挤).Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.
Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable(可伸缩的)armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.
Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzer(蜂鸣器)thatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.
21.Onesignificantimprovementinthefuturecarwillprobablybe______