1994考研英语真题Word文件下载.docx

1994考研英语真题Word文件下载.docx

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3.以n结尾的词，在词后加t。

如：

mean—meant,burn—burnt,learn—learnt

动词原形中文意思过去式过去分词

dig挖dugdug

steal偷stolestolen

make制作mademade1994Passage1

　　TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;

andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.

　　Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductsisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.

　　Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources（privateproperty）,andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.

51.Inline8,paragraph1,"

thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes"

means________.

　　[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes

　　[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes

　　[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased

　　[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes

52.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat________.

　　[A]producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction

　　[B]consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers

　　[C]producersdecidethepricesofproducts

　　[D]supplyanddemandregulateprices

53.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby________.

　　[A]privatepropertyandrightsconcerned

　　[B]manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol

　　[C]ownershipofproductiveresources

　　[D]freecontractsandprices

54.Thepassageismainlyabout________.

　　[A]howAmericangoodsareproduced

　　[B]howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods

　　[C]howAmericaneconomicsystemworks

　　[D]howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofits

重点词汇：

market-oriented（以市场为导向的）←market市场+orient定位+ed形容词后缀。

permit（v.许可；

许可证）即per+mit，per-（=through），mit词根“传送”，故“允许传送过去”→许可。

同根词：

admit（v.让……进入；

承认）←ad（=to）+mit；

emit（v.散发，发射）←e（=ex）+mit；

transmit（v.传播；

传导）←trans（=through）+mit。

Libertyistherighttodowhateverthelawspermit.自由就是做法律允许的任何事的权利。

embrace（v.拥抱；

包含）即em+brace，em-（=in），brace词根“手臂”，故“使在手臂里”→拥抱→引申为“包含”。

brace作单词意为“v.支撑n.支柱”←谐音“不累死”，因为累死就支撑不住了。

Createdbylife,indefinitecircumstances,toactondefinitethings,howcanitembracelife,ofwhichitismerelyanemanationoraspect?

由生命创造，处于一定情况下，作用于一定事物，它（←指科学）只是生命的一种释放或一个方面，怎么能包括生命？

coupledwith与……相结合；

bidup哄抬物价；

gaincontrolover获得对……的控制。

难句解析：

①TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.

▲这是一个有定语从句和宾语从句的复杂句。

首先要抓住的核心句为TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedarounda...economy，economy前面的定语在开始阅读时可以不看。

在economy后面是一个以inwhich引导的定语从句inwhichconsumerslargelydetermine，而这个从句中又有一个宾语从句whatshallbeproduced。

在定语从句中又有一个by引导的分词结构spendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost作状语，说明消费者是如何决定应生产何种产品，而这个方式状语中又有一个定语从句thattheywantmost。

△通过分析结构我们知道此句的所有意思都是围绕核心句的表语economy展开的，因此在阅读中应分层次，逐层理解对这一核心词的陈述，分清主次，全面理解。

②Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedes