双语生理学模拟习题文档格式.docx

双语生理学模拟习题文档格式.docx

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2.gastrointestinalhormones:

Biologicallyactivepolypeptidessecretedbytheendocrinecellsingastrointestinaltractwhichinfluencethemotilityandsecretionofgastrointestinaltract.

3.cardiaccycle:

Theperiodfromthebeginningofheartcontractiontothebeginningofnextiscalledacardiaccycle（consistingofaperiodofcontractioncalledsystolefollowedbyaperiodofrelaxationcalleddiastole）.

4.visualacuity:

Thesmallestimageontheretinadistinguishedbythehumaneyes.

5.thermalequivalentoffood:

Theamountofenergyliberatedbyoxidationorcombustionof1goffood.

6.pulmonaryventilation:

TheprocessthatO2andCO2moveintoandoutofthelungbytherespiratorytract.

7.bloodtypes:

Typesofspecificantigensexpressedonbloodcells

8.reflex:

Theregularresponsemadebythebodytostimulationundercontrolofcentralnervoussystem.

II.Fillintheblanks（22points,1foreach）

1.Intheautomaticcontrolsystem,thecontrolledpartsend（feedbacksignal）tocontrollingsystemtoadjustitspreviousactivities.

2.Forskeletalmusclecell,theionwiththehighestpermeabilityatrestwhichmakesgreatestcontributiontotherestingpotentialis（K+）.

3.Intransmissionofexcitationatneuromuscularjunction,theCa2+uptakeofprejunctinalterminalcauses（AChrelease）.

4.Thedigestionofproteinsbeginsat（stomach）.

5.Oneofthepropertiesofcontractionofthemyocardiumisthattheatriaorventriclecontractsasafunctional（syncytium）.

6.Theratioofthestrokevolumetotheventricularend-diastolicvolumeiscalled（ejectionfraction）.

7.Thenorepinephrineinthecirculatingbloodmainlycomesfrom（adrenalmedulla）and（adrenergicnervousterminals）.

8.Thecommmonlyusedmethodofmeasuringenergymetabolismis（indirectcalorimetry）.

9.Twoormoresubstancesconnectwithatransporterandaretransportedtogetheracrossthemembraneatthesamedirection,thistransportiscalled（symport）.

10.AngiotensinⅡwillincreasethesecretionof（aldosterone）ofthezonacellsintheandrenalcortex.

11.Theintensityofstimuluscanbedistinguishedby（thefrequence）ofactionpotentialgeneratedontheafferentneuron.

12.Accordingtothestatementabouttheopticalmechanismofrefractivesystem,

thefocuspointislocatedonthe（retina）.

13.Respiratorychemoreceptorsinthemedullaaremainlyresponsivetoalterationin

arterial（PCO2）.

14.Thevastmajorityofcarbondioxideiscarriedby（HCO3-）inblood.

15.Thevolumewhichhastobeventilatedbutdoesnotparticipateingasexchangeiscalled（deadspace）.

16.Bloodcoagulationreferstotheprocessofconversionoffibrinogento（fibrin）.

17.Thesummationofmembranepotentialcausedbysuccessivedischargesfromasinglepresynapticterminaliscalled（temporalsummation）.

18.Thesenseorganofthestretchreflexisthe（musclespindle）.

19.Functionsofthespecificprojectionsysteminclude（productionofspecificsensation）and（triggeringofefferentimpulses）.

20.Thephenomenathatasingleinstantaneousinputsignalcauseasustainedsignaloutputusuallyoccurredin（oscillatory）circuit.

III.Fillintheblankswiththebestchoice（34points,1foreach）

1.Transmissionofexcitationatneuromuscularjunctionismediatedby（C）.

A.epinephrineB.norepinephrineC.acetylcholineD.somatostatin

2.Whichcomponentissharedbyskeletalmuscleandcardiacmuscleforexitation-contractioncoupling?

（A）

A.intracellularCa2+B.extracellularCa2+

C.intracellularandextracellularCa2+D.Ca2+inblood

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutGproteiniscorrect?

（D）

A.canbindtoliganddirectlyB.therearetwosubunitsC.onlybindstoGTP

D.activeGproteincanactivatetheeffectormolecules,enzymesorchannels

4.Theprincipalparacrinesecretioninvolvedinthenegativefeedbackregulationofgastricacidsecretionis（B）.

A.acetylcholineB.somatostatinC.histamineD.gastrin

5.Slowwavesinsmallintestinalsmoothmusclecellsare（D）.

A.phasiccontractionB.actionpotentialC.toniccontraction

D.fluctuationofmembranepotentialonRP

6.Thebaroreceptorreflexis（D）

A.notsensitiveatthelevelofaroundthemeanbloodpressure

B.notsensitivetoarapidchangeinthebloodpressure

C.notsensitivetopulsativechangeinthebloodpressure

D.nodoubtalwaysimportantfortheregulationofthebloodpressure

7.Theworkperformedbytheleftventricleissubstantiallygreaterthanthatperformedbytherightventriclebecauseintheleftventricle（D）.

A.thecontractionisslowerB.thestrokevolumeisgreater

C.thepreloadis