TED英语演讲稿我们为什么要睡觉Word文件下载.docx

TED英语演讲稿我们为什么要睡觉Word文件下载.docx

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dliketodotodayistalkaboutoneofmyfavoritesubjects,andthatistheneuroscienceofsleep.

　　Now,thereisasound--（Alarmclock）--aah,itworked--asoundthatisdesperately,desperatelyfamiliartomostofus,andofcourseit'

sthesoundofthealarmclock.Andwhatthattrulyghastly,awfulsounddoesisstopthesinglemostimportantbehavioralexperiencethatwehave,andthat'

ssleep.Ifyou'

reanaveragesortofperson,36percentofyourlifewillbespentasleep,whichmeansthatifyouliveto90,then32yearswillhavebeenspententirelyasleep.

　　Nowwhatthat32yearsistellingusisthatsleepatsomelevelisimportant.Andyet,formostofus,wedon'

tgivesleepasecondthought.Wethrowitaway.Wereallyjustdon'

tthinkaboutsleep.AndsowhatI'

dliketodotodayischangeyourviews,changeyourideasandyourthoughtsaboutsleep.AndthejourneythatIwanttotakeyouon,weneedtostartbygoingbackintime.

　　"

Enjoythehoney-heavydewofslumber."

Anyideaswhosaidthat?

Shakespeare'

sJuliusCaesar.Yes,letmegiveyouafewmorequotes."

Osleep,Ogentlesleep,nature'

ssoftnurse,howhaveIfrightedthee?

"

Shakespeareagain,from--Iwon'

tsayit--theScottishplay.[Correction:

HenryIV,Part2]（Laughter）Fromthesametime:

"

Sleepisthegoldenchainthattieshealthandourbodiestogether."

Extremelyprophetic,byThomasDekker,anotherElizabethandramatist.

　　Butifwejumpforward400years,thetoneaboutsleepchangessomewhat.ThisisfromThomasEdison,fromthebeginningofthe20thcentury."

Sleepisacriminalwasteoftimeandaheritagefromourcavedays."

Bang.（Laughter）Andifwealsojumpintothe1980s,someofyoumayrememberthatMargaretThatcherwasreportedtohavesaid,"

Sleepisforwimps."

Andofcoursetheinfamous--whatwashisname?

--theinfamousGordonGekkofrom"

WallStreet"

said,"

Moneyneversleeps."

　　Whatdowedointhe20thcenturyaboutsleep?

Well,ofcourse,weuseThomasEdison'

slightbulbtoinvadethenight,andweoccupiedthedark,andintheprocessofthisoccupation,we'

vetreatedsleepasanillness,almost.We'

vetreateditasanenemy.Atmostnow,Isuppose,wetoleratetheneedforsleep,andatworstperhapsmanyofusthinkofsleepasanillnessthatneedssomesortofacure.Andourignoranceaboutsleepisreallyquiteprofound.

　　Whyisit?

Whydoweabandonsleepinourthoughts?

Well,it'

sbecauseyoudon'

tdoanythingmuchwhileyou'

reasleep,itseems.Youdon'

teat.Youdon'

tdrink.Andyoudon'

thavesex.Well,mostofusanyway.Andsothereforeit'

s--Sorry.It'

sacompletewasteoftime,right?

Wrong.Actually,sleepisanincrediblyimportantpartofourbiology,andneuroscientistsarebeginningtoexplainwhyit'

ssoveryimportant.Solet'

smovetothebrain.

　　Now,herewehaveabrain.Thisisdonatedbyasocialscientist,andtheysaidtheydidn'

tknowwhatitwas,orindeedhowtouseit,so--（Laughter）Sorry.SoIborrowedit.Idon'

tthinktheynoticed.Okay.（Laughter）

　　ThepointI'

mtryingtomakeisthatwhenyou'

reasleep,thisthingdoesn'

tshutdown.Infact,someareasofthebrainareactuallymoreactiveduringthesleepstatethanduringthewakestate.Theotherthingthat'

sreallyimportantaboutsleepisthatitdoesn'

tarisefromasinglestructurewithinthebrain,butistosomeextentanetworkproperty,andifweflipthebrainonitsback--Ilovethislittlebitofspinalcordhere--thisbithereisthehypothalamus,andrightunderthereisawholeraftofinterestingstructures,notleastthebiologicalclock.Thebiologicalclocktellsuswhenit'

sgoodtobeup,whenit'

sgoodtobeasleep,andwhatthatstructuredoesisinteractwithawholeraftofotherareaswithinthehypothalamus,thelateralhypothalamus,theventrolateralpreopticnuclei.Allofthosecombine,andtheysendprojectionsdowntothebrainstemhere.Thebrainstemthenprojectsforwardandbathesthecortex,thiswonderfullywrinklybitoverhere,withneurotransmittersthatkeepusawakeandessentiallyprovideuswithourconsciousness.Sosleeparisesfromawholeraftofdifferentinteractionswithinthebrain,andessentially,sleepisturnedonandoffasaresultofarangeof

　　Okay.Sowherehavewegotto?

We'

vesaidthatsleepiscomplicatedandittakes32yearsofourlife.ButwhatIhaven'

texplainediswhatsleepisabout.Sowhydowesleep?

Anditwon'

tsurpriseanyofyouthat,ofcourse,thescientists,wedon'

thaveaconsensus.Therearedozensofdifferentideasaboutwhywesleep,andI'

mgoingtooutlinethreeofthose.

　　Thefirstissortoftherestorationidea,andit'

ssomewhatintuitive.Essentially,allthestuffwe'

veburnedupduringtheday,werestore,wereplace,werebuild