月英语六级真题试题册和答案文档格式.docx

月英语六级真题试题册和答案文档格式.docx

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1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；

2.出现这种现象的原因和后果；

3.我认为…

DueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese

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PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Obama'

ssuccessisn'

tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans

AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryfor

BarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders.Inthatonesecond,

itwasavalidationformywholerace,sherecalls.

I'

vealwaysbeenanachiever,saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAat

VanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee.Buttherehadalwaysbeenthese

thingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.It

waslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'

s

likeabarrierhasbeenletdown.

White'

sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObama

wouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.Somehopedhis

risetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challenging

thosewhostillharbourracistsentiments.Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimare

verycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressive

anduneducated,saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity.He'

svery

intelligentandeloquent.

StinginthetailAshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswho

seizedonObama'

scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.

TheirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowtheObamaeffectischanging

people'

sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:

thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.Butfirstthegoodnews.

BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewas

makinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffect

canbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanof

VanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.Theytestedfour

separategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'

spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroup

consistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetest

assessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'

ssuccesswas

lessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthe

whiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,for

example.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipants

performedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'

sacceptancespeechasthe

Democrats'

presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthe

whitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblack

participants.DramaticshiftWhatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?

Atthe

startofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretold

theirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.This

shouldhaveprimedthesubjectswithstereotypethreat–ananxietythat

theirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamage

theperformanceofAfricanAmericans.Obama'

ssuccessesseemedtoactasa

shieldagainstthis.Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,

sothestereotypethreatwouldn'

tproveadistraction,saysFriedman.

LingeringracismIftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,

howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots（同胞）?

Istheexperienceofhaving

acharismatic（有魅力的）blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?

Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly。

insteadpsychologistsassess

whatisknownasimplicitbias,usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshow

quicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—畳档愠?

汜癯履漠?

敜楶屬—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquickly

subjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormental

1/12

ability—withaparticulargroup.Inastudythatwillappearinthe

JournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'

steamtested229students

duringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallen

byasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006.

That'

sanunusuallylargedrop,Plantsays.Whiletheteamcan'

tbesure

theirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththe

lowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwith

politicalwordssuchasgovernmentorpresident.This