英语论文Intergender Differences in English Conversation StyleWord格式.docx

英语论文Intergender Differences in English Conversation StyleWord格式.docx

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Infact,thestudyongenderdiscourseisstillverynew.MostoftheavailableanalysisisbasedonthepatternsofdiscoursewithinAmericansociety.Anditisveryimportanttonoticetheinter-genderdifferencesinwesterncountries,anddofurtherstudyonotherinter-genderdifferencesinothercountries.

Keywords:

genderdiscoursegenderdifferencesconversationalstyle

摘要

语言与性别问题一直都受到社会语言学家的重视。

早在20世纪60年代，随着西方妇女运动的蓬勃发展与社会语言学的兴起和壮大，涌现了大量相关的研究。

另外，如何解释男女交际中存在的差异仍然是一个引起语言学家争论的话题。

文章回顾了话语的定义以及性别话语的定义和历史发展状况；

展现了对话中的五种差异形式--直接和间接的使用、最低限度应答语的使用、疑问句的使用、话语中诅咒语、禁忌语、闪避词、恭维语和礼貌用语的运用以及话语量；

分析探讨了话语中性别交际产生差异的原因--意识形态、社会化适应、诠释框架以及社会地位和权力。

在此基础上作者归纳出避免差异产生的建议和方法：

只有认识到性别语言差异客观存在的事实，尊重其各自发展的规律；

在日常生活中获取大量的共享知识，培养开放灵敏的思维，才能克服差异所带来的失误，达到有效交际的目的。

作为话语研究的一个课题，对性别话语的研究还相对比较新。

现有的大多数分析资料都是基于美国社会内部的话语模式。

因此我们应在此基础上进一步深刻认识西方文化中性别交际差异，借此寻求探究世界各国性别差异的科学方法和新视角。

关键词：

性别话语性别差异话语风格

Inter-genderDifferencesinEnglishConversationStyle

（外语系江秋菊指导教师张碧）

1.Introduction3

2.Reviewofdiscourseandgenderdiscourse4

2.1Thedefinitionofdiscourse4

2.2Thedefinitionofgenderdiscourse5

2.3Genderdiscoursestudiesinhistoricalperspective5

3.Inter-genderdifferencesinconversations6

3.1Directnessandindirectness6

3.2Amountoftalk8

3.3Minimalresponses9

3.4Questions9

3.5Swearing&

taboolanguage,hedges,complimentsandpoliteness10

4.Ananalysisofthecausesofgenderdifferences11

4.1Ideology11

4.2Socialization12

4.3Interpretiveframes13

4.3.1Intimacy—independence14

4.3.2Inclusionandexclusion15

4.3.3Relationship—information16

4.3.4Problems—solutions16

4.3.5Listening—lecturing17

4.4Socialstatusandpower17

5.Improvinginter-gendercommunication18

5.1Increasesharedknowledge18

5.2Learntobeopenandflexible19

6.Conclusion20

References22

1.Introduction

Theresearchonlanguageandgendercanbedividedintotwomainperiods.Beforethe1960s,theresearchwasfragmentary.It’swidespreadthatthelanguageusedbymenwasconsideredasthestandardone,whilewomen’slanguagewasconfirmedasthedeviatedone（Net.1）.

Sincethemiddleof1960s,asaresultofthedevelopmentoffeministsocialmovementandthegrowthofsociolinguistics,languageandgenderhascaughtmanywesternscholars’attention,suchasthelinguists,psycholinguistsandsociolinguists.Generallyspeaking,theresearchinthisperiodhasbeenanalyzedsystematically.

Asabranchofdiscourseresearch,thoughlanguageandgenderhasattractedmuchattentionandbeenwidelydiscussedbyscholars,itisstillrelativelynew.AndmostoftheavailableanalysisisbasedonthepatternsofdiscoursewithinAmericansociety.Inaddition,howtoexplainspeechdifferencesbetweenmenandwomenremainsaquestionindisputeamongsociolinguists（王娟,2004）.Anditisveryhelpfultofollowtheavailableresearchtodofurtherstudyonotherinter-genderdifferencesinanewaspectinothercountries.

Thebodyofthepaperincludesfourparts.Parttworeviewsthedefinitionofdiscourseandthedefinitionandhistoricalperspectiveofgenderdiscourse.Partthreedisplaysthedifferencesinconversations.Thentheauthoranalyzesthecausesofinter-genderdifferences.Partfiveofferssomeadvicetoavoidmiscommunication.

2.Reviewofdiscourseandgenderdiscourse

2.1Thedefinitionofdiscourse

Therearethreesomewhatdifferentwaystodefinetheword“discourse”byScollon.“Inthemosttechnicallynarrowdefinitionoftheword,thestudyofgrammaticalandotherrelationshipsbetweensentences.

Amoregeneraluseofthewordhasbeenmadetostudybroaderfunctionalusesoflanguageinsocialcontexts.

Thebroadestconceptofdiscourse,whichisthestudyofthewholesystemofcommunicat