英语论文Intergender Differences in English Conversation StyleWord格式.docx

1、In fact, the study on gender discourse is still very new. Most of the available analysis is based on the patterns of discourse within American society. And it is very important to notice the inter-gender differences in western countries, and do further study on other inter-gender differences in othe

2、r countries.Key words: gender discourse gender differences conversational style摘 要语言与性别问题一直都受到社会语言学家的重视。早在20世纪60年代，随着西方妇女运动的蓬勃发展与社会语言学的兴起和壮大，涌现了大量相关的研究。另外，如何解释男女交际中存在的差异仍然是一个引起语言学家争论的话题。文章回顾了话语的定义以及性别话语的定义和历史发展状况；展现了对话中的五种差异形式-直接和间接的使用、最低限度应答语的使用、疑问句的使用、话语中诅咒语、禁忌语、闪避词、恭维语和礼貌用语的运用以及话语量；分析探讨了话语中性别交际产生

3、差异的原因-意识形态、社会化适应、诠释框架以及社会地位和权力。在此基础上作者归纳出避免差异产生的建议和方法：只有认识到性别语言差异客观存在的事实，尊重其各自发展的规律；在日常生活中获取大量的共享知识，培养开放灵敏的思维，才能克服差异所带来的失误，达到有效交际的目的。作为话语研究的一个课题，对性别话语的研究还相对比较新。现有的大多数分析资料都是基于美国社会内部的话语模式。因此我们应在此基础上进一步深刻认识西方文化中性别交际差异，借此寻求探究世界各国性别差异的科学方法和新视角。关键词：性别话语 性别差异 话语风格Inter-gender Differences in English Convers

4、ation Style（外语系 江秋菊 指导教师 张碧）1. Introduction 32. Review of discourse and gender discourse 42.1 The definition of discourse 42.2 The definition of gender discourse 52.3 Gender discourse studies in historical perspective 53.Inter-gender differences in conversations 63.1 Directness and indirectness 63.2

5、 Amount of talk 83.3 Minimal responses 93.4 Questions 93.5 Swearing & taboo language, hedges, compliments and politeness 104. An analysis of the causes of gender differences 114.1 Ideology 114.2 Socialization 124.3 Interpretive frames 134.3.1 Intimacyindependence 144.3.2 Inclusion and exclusion 154.

6、3.3 Relationshipinformation 164.3.4 Problemssolutions 164.3.5 Listeninglecturing 174.4 Social status and power 175. Improving inter-gender communication 185.1 Increase shared knowledge 185.2 Learn to be open and flexible 196. Conclusion 20References 221. Introduction The research on language and gen

7、der can be divided into two main periods. Before the 1960s, the research was fragmentary. Its widespread that the language used by men was considered as the standard one, while womens language was confirmed as the deviated one （Net. 1）. Since the middle of 1960s, as a result of the development of fe

8、minist social movement and the growth of sociolinguistics, language and gender has caught many western scholars attention, such as the linguists, psycholinguists and sociolinguists. Generally speaking, the research in this period has been analyzed systematically. As a branch of discourse research, t

9、hough language and gender has attracted much attention and been widely discussed by scholars, it is still relatively new. And most of the available analysis is based on the patterns of discourse within American society. In addition, how to explain speech differences between men and women remains a q

10、uestion in dispute among sociolinguists （王娟, 2004）. And it is very helpful to follow the available research to do further study on other inter-gender differences in a new aspect in other countries.The body of the paper includes four parts. Part two reviews the definition of discourse and the definit

11、ion and historical perspective of gender discourse. Part three displays the differences in conversations. Then the author analyzes the causes of inter-gender differences. Part five offers some advice to avoid miscommunication. 2. Review of discourse and gender discourse2.1 The definition of discours

12、e There are three somewhat different ways to define the word “discourse” by Scollon. “In the most technically narrow definition of the word, the study of grammatical and other relationships between sentences.A more general use of the word has been made to study broader functional uses of language in social contexts. The broadest concept of discourse, which is the study of the whole system of communicat