考研英语真题及答案.docx

考研英语真题及答案.docx

《考研英语真题及答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语真题及答案.docx（23页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

考研英语真题及答案

SectionI

UseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankand

mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexercise

precioustohealth.”But1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobably

haslittleinflueneeonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2short-termchanges

inthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,3_heartrateandoxygen

consumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaughis

unlikelytohave__5nefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughter

apparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__,studiesdatingbacktothe1930'sindicate

thatlaughter__8muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutes

afterthelaughdiesdown.

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychological

stress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof

10feedback,thatimproveanindividual'semotionalstate.

__11oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted

_12__physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythat

humansdonotcry13theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetears

begintoflow.

Althoughsadnessalso14tears,evideneesuggeststhatemotionscan

flow__15muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,social

psychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwrzburginGermanyasked

volunteersto__16apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificial

smile-orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea（n）__17expression.Those

forcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles18moreexuberantlytofunny

cartonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,19

thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround

20__,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.

[A]among

[A]reflect

[A]stabilizing

[A]transmit

[A]measurable

[A]Inturn

[A]opposite

[A]hardens

[A]aggravate

[A]physical

[A]Exceptfor

[A]with

[A]unless

[A]exhausts

[A]into

[A]fetch

[A]disappointed

[A]adapted

[A]suggesting

[B]except

[C]despite

[D]like

[B]demand

[C]indicate

[D]produce

[B]boosting

[C]impairing

[D]determining

[B]sustain

[C]evaluate

[D]observe

[B]manageable

[C]affordable

[D]renewable

[B]Infact

[C]Inaddition

[D]Inbrief

[B]impossible

[C]average

[D]expected

[B]weakens

[C]tightens

[D]relaxes

[B]generate

[C]moderate

[D]enhance

[B]mental

[C]subconscious

[D]internal

[B]Accordingto

[C]Dueto

[D]Asfor

[B]on

[B]until

[B]follows

[B]from

[B]bite

[B]excited

[B]catered

[B]requiring

[C]in[D]at

[C]if

[C]precedes

[C]towards

[C]pick

[C]joyful

[C]turned

[C]mentioning

[D]because

[D]suppresses

[D]beyond

[D]indifferent

[D]reacted

[D]supposing

[D]hold

1．

2．

3．

4．

5．

6．

7．

8．

9．

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20．[A]Eventually

[B]Consequently

[C]Similarly

[D]Conversely

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing

[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!

Atlast!

”wroteAnthonyTommasini,a

sober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert'sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwith

noairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”Asadescriptionofthenextmusic

directorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustav

MahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimes

readersasfaintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithopera

houses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.

Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday'sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe

“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener'schoosing.Thewidespread

availabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert'sowninteruesitcinhansewm

beenwidelynoted:

AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,more

vibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?

Merely

expandingtheorchestra'srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthe

Philharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica'soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert'ntmseanptphoais

[A]incurredcriticism.

[B]raisedsuspicion.

[C]receivedacclaim.

[D]arousedcuriosity.

22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

[A]influential.

[B]modest.

[C]respectable.

[D]talented.

23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.

[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

25.RegardingGilbert'sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels

[A]doubtful.

[B]enthusiastic.

[C]confident.

[D]puzzled.

Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemy

goalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmy

decision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewith

theboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

vedonewherea

sbeen

vebeenhurt

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisnlone,'recentweekstheNo.2

executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon'tgetthenodalsomaywiio

moveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautious

oflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.

ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:

”Ican'tthinkofasinglesearchI

boardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talwaysIandedintoppositions

quickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.Itwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatiny

Internet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005

withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancial

institutionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.

“Thetraditionalrulewasit'ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat

fundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing

[A]arrogant.

[B]

frank.

[C]self-centered.

[D]impulsive.

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutivesing'mayqubiettspurredby

[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.

[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.

[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.

[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

28.Theword“poached”（Line3,Paragraph4）mostprobablymeans

[A]approvedof.

[B]attendedto.

[C]huntedfor.

[D]gua