考研英语真题及答案.docx

1、考研英语真题及答案Secti on IUse of En glishDirections:Read the follow ing text. Choose the best word(s) for each nu mbered bla nk andmark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “ a bodily exerciseprecious to health. ” But1 some claims to the contrary

2、, laughing probablyhas little in flue nee on physical fitn ess Laughter does _2 short-term cha ngesin the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3_ heart rate and oxyge ncon sumpti on But because hard laughter is difficult to _4_, a good laugh isun likely to have _5 n efits the way, say, walki

3、 ng or joggi ng does._6_, in stead of stra ining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughterapparently accomplishes the _7_, studies dating ba ck to the 1930 s indicatethat laughter_8 muscles, decreas ing muscle tone for up to 45 minu tesafter the laugh dies dow n.Such bodily react ion might c

4、on ceivably help _9_the effects of psychologicalstress. Any way, the act of laugh ing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback, that improve an in dividual s emoti onal state._11 one classical theory of emoti on, our feeli ngs are partially rooted_12_ physical reactions. It was argued at the

5、 end of the 19 th century thathuma ns do not cry 13 they are sad but they become sad whe n the tearsbegi n to flow.Although sad ness also 14 tears, evide nee suggests that emoti ons canflow _15 muscular resp on ses. In an experime nt published in 1988,socialpsychologist Fritz Strack of the Uni versi

6、ty of w rzburg in Germa ny askedvolun teers to _16 a pen either with their teeth-thereby creati ng an artificialsmile - or with their lips, which would produce a(n) _17 expressi on. Thoseforced to exercise their smili ng muscles 18 more exubera ntly to funnycartons tha n did those whose mouths were

7、con tracted in a frown, 19 that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around20_ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.AamongAreflectAstabilizingAtransmitAmeasurableAIn turnAoppositeAhardensAaggravateAphysicalAExcept forAwithAunlessAexhaustsAintoAfetchAdisappoi

8、ntedAadaptedAsuggestingBexceptCdespiteDlikeBdemandCindicateDproduceBboostingCimpairingDdeterminingBsustainCevaluateDobserveBmanageableCaffordableDrenewableBIn factCIn additionDIn briefBimpossibleCaverageDexpectedBweakensCtightensDrelaxesBgenerateCmoderateDenhanceBmentalCsubconsciousDinternalBAccordi

9、ng toCDue toDAs forBonBuntilBfollowsBfromBbiteBexcitedBcateredBrequiringCin DatCifCprecedesCtowardsCpickCjoyfulCturnedCmentioningDbecauseDsuppressesDbeyondDindifferentDreactedDsupposingDhold1234567891011121314151617181920 AEventuallyBConsequentlyCSimilarlyDConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionP

10、art ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosingA, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world

11、ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “ Hooray! At last! ” wrote Anthony Tommasini, asober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilb

12、ert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert s appointment in the Times, calls him “ an unpretentious musician withno air of the formidable conductor about him. ” As a description of the next musicdirector of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like G

13、ustavMahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Timesreaders as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to

14、 visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the

15、point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with operahouses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20 th century.There recordings are che

16、ap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today s live performances; moreover, they can be“ consumed ” at a time and place of the listener s choosing. The widespreadavailability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the tradition

17、al classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert s own interuesitcinhansew mbeen widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic

18、 into “ a markedly different, morevibrant organization. ” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merelyexpanding the orchestra s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and thePhilharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America s oldest orchestra and the n

19、ew audience it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert ntms eanptphoai sAincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isAinfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23.The author believes that the devoted concertg

20、oersAignore the expenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.24.According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in qual

21、ity.BThey are easily accessible to the general public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilbert s role in revitalizing the Philharm onic, the author feelsAdoubtful.Benthusiastic.Cconfident.Dpuzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of

22、 Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses , he came right out and said he was leaving “ to pursue mygoal of running a company. ” Broadcasting his ambition was “ very much mydecision, ” McGee says. Within two wee

23、ks, he was talking for the first time withthe board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.ve done where as bee nve bee n hurtMcGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of compa ny he wan ted to run. It also se

24、nt a clear message to the outside world about his aspirati ons. And McGee isn lone, recent weeks the No.2executives at Avon and America n Express quit with the expla nati on that they were look ing for a CEO post. As boards scruti nize successi on pla ns in resp onse to shareholder pressure, executi

25、ves who don t get the nod also may wiiomove on. A turbule nt bus in ess environment also has senior man agers cautiousof lett ing vague pronoun ceme nts cloud their reputati ons.As the first sig ns of recovery begi n to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In

26、the third quarter, CEO turnover was dow n 23% from a year ago as n ervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, accord ing to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opport un ities will abo und for aspiri ng leaders.The decisi on to quit a senior positi on to look for a better one is unconven

27、ti on al.For years executives and headh un ters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO can didates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: ” I can t think of a single search Iboard has not in structed me to look at sitti ng CEOs first. ”Those who

28、 jumped without a job haven t always Ianded in top positionsquickly. Elle n Marram quit as chief of Tropica na a decade age, say ing she wan ted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tinyIn ternet-based commodities excha nge. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005with ambiti ons t

29、o be a CEO. He fin ally took that post at a major finan cialinstitution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be betwee n jobs or to leave a bad one.“ The traditional rule was it s safer to stay where

30、you are, but thatfun dame ntally in verted, ” says one headh un ter. “ The people who26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as beingAarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27.According to Paragraph 2, senior executives ing mayqubiett spurred byAtheir expectation of better financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “ poached ” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most proba bly meansAapproved of.Battended to.Chunted for.Dgua