被动语态.docx
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被动语态
一、语态概述
英语中有两种语态：
主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：
ManypeoplespeakEnglish.
谓语：
speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
巧记为：
被动、被动、主被动。
例如：
Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。
所谓主动句就是由主动态动词（词组）作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词（词组）作谓语动词的句子。
例如：
Heopenedthedoor.他开了门。
（主动句）
Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。
（被动句）
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：
am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：
was／were＋taught
一般将来时：
will／shallbe＋taught
现在进行时：
am／is／arebeing＋taught
过去进行时：
have／hasbeen＋taught
现在完成时：
have／hasbeen＋taught
歌诀是：
被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
三、主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）
（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。
（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
例如：
1、Theymakethebikesinthefactory.
2、Wuplanttreeseveryyear.
歌诀是：
宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是：
情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。
例如：
Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.
Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.
Yououghttotakeitaway.
Itoughttobetakenaway.
Theyshoulddoitatonce.
Itshouldbedoneatonce.
一、单项选择
（）1.—Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?
—Yes.Ourclassroom___everyday.
A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.iscleaning
（）2.Treesandflowers__everyyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.
A.isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted.
（）3.Cotten____inthesoutheastofChina.
A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow.
（）14.Anaccident___onthisroadlastweek.
A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened.
（）2.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology___intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.give
（）3.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.
A.willbepublishedB.ispublishing
C.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished
（）4.—DidyougotoJack’sbirthdayparty?
—No,I____.
A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvite
（）5.—Mum,canIgotothezoowithJack?
—Whenyourhomework___,youcan.
A.isdoneB.wasdoneC.doesD.did
（）6.Twenty-year-oldsshouldnot____todriveinChina.
A.allowB.beallowC.beallowedD.allowed.
（）7.Seeinghimrushintotheroomwithtearsinhiseyes,Iaskedhimwhat___.
A.wouldhappenB.hadhappenedC.happenedD.washappened.
（）8.ThebookBusiness@theSpeedofThought___in1999.
A.writesB.iswrittenC.wroteD.waswritten.
（）9.China’ssportsstarsYaoMingandLiuXiang___GoodWillAmbassadors（亲善大使）forShanghai.
A.hasbeennamedB.havebeennamedC.hasnamedD.havenamed.
（）10.Theearthisourhome.It___well.
A.mustbeprotectedB.shouldprotectC.needprotectD.shouldprotected.
（）11.Inrecentyears,manychildrenaremade___whattheyarenot___.
A.todo;interestedinB.todo;interestedC.do;interestedD.do;interested.
（）12.___anewlibrary____inyourschoollastyear?
A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;builtD.Did;built.
（）13.Sofar,themoon___bymanalready.
A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited.
（）14.Howmanytrees___thisyear?
A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted.
（）15.Alotofthings___bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.
A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone.
（）16.Neitherofthem___inChina
A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made.
（）17.Look!
Anicepicture___forourteacher.
A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws.
（）18.Yourshoes___.Youneedanewpair.
A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn.
（）19.Thedoctor___foryet.
A.isn’tsentB.hasn’tbeensentC.won’tbesentD.wasn’tsent.
（）20.—When___thiskindofcomputer___?
—Lastyear.
A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used
（）21.TheGreatWall__aboutallovertheworld.
A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown.
（）22.I___insummer.
A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn.
（）23.HesaysthatMrZhang___tothefactorynextweek.
A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent.
（）24.Who___thisbook__?
A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.do;writtenD.was;written
（）25.Mary___showmehernewdictionary.
A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto
（）26.Astory__byGrannyyesterday.
A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus
（）27.Themonkeywasseen____outofthetree.
A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump
参考答案
1~5CBABA6~10CBDCB11~15AABDA16~20CCBAB21~25CBBCB26~30DBBBD
二、单项选择
1
（）1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.
A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound
（）2English____inCanada.
A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken
（）3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.
A.oftensingsB.oftensang
C.isoftensangD.isoftensung
（）4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.
A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade
（）5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.
A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused
2
（）1Ourroommust___clean.
A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep
（）2-I'dliketobuythatcoat.
-I'msorry.___.
A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold
（）3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding
（）4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.
A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft
（）5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.
A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed
3
（）1Japanese___ineverycountry.
A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking
（）2Thesepapers___yet.
A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwritten
C.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten
（）3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.
A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't
4
（）1-Myshoesarewornout.-___.
A.Can'ttheybemended?
B.Letmehavealookatit.
C.Howmuchdotheycost?
D.Can'ttheymended?
（）2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?
Ibadlyneedit.
A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are
（）3___thesedesksbeneeded?
A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do
5
（）1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?
A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheld
C.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld
（）2Whowasthebook___?
A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby
（）3Where___theseboxesmade?
A.wasB.wereC.isD.am
6
（）1Theflowers___often.
A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater
（）2Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.
A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow
（）3Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.
A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended
7
（）1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.
A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuilt
C.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt
（）2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.
A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown
（）3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.
A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuild
C.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild
8
（）1Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.
A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept
（）2Thepot___for___hotwater.
A.used;keepingB.wasused;keeping
C.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep
（）3Tea___inthesouthofChina.
A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow
（）4Thebridges___twoyearsago.
A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt
（）5Wetclothesareoften__upnearafireinrainyweather.
A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung
9
（）1Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust__dirtythingsintoit.
A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowing
C.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing
（）2Theteapot___water.
A.isfilledwithB.filledof
C.fullingofD.filled
（）3Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.
A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento
（）4Oldpeoplemust___.
A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafter
C.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell
10
（）1Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.
A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareof
C.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare
（）2Theywere___atthesuddennoise.
A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens
（）3Thesewalls___stones.
A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto
11
（）1Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.
A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid
（）2Thepapers___tothem.
A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown
（）3Thecoat___hersister.
A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto
12
（）1I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.
A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven
（）2Goodcare____suchthings.
A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetaken
C.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof
（）3Shewill____goodcare____.
A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou
13
（）1Theteachermadehim___hishomework.
A.todoB.doC.didD.done
（）2Theboy___streetswithoutpayintheolddays.
A.wasmadetocleanB.madeclean
C.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean
（）3Thesechildren____dance.
A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto
14
（）1Thesestones___well.
A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted
（）2Thebike___500yuan.
A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted
（）3Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.
A.washadB.washeldC.heldD.had
15
（）1Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.
A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace
（）2Youcan'tusethecomputer,it____.
A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown
（）3Greatchanges___inourcountrydur
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