污水处理技术外文翻译.doc

污水处理技术外文翻译.doc

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本科毕业设计外文文献及译文文献、资料题目：

StudyonDisinfectionandAntimicrobialTechnologiesforDrinkingWater文献、资料来源：

期刊文献、资料发表（出版）日期：

2001.1.9院（部）：

专业：

给水排水工程班级：

姓名：

学号：

指导教师：

翻译日期：

2010.3.30-1-外文文献：

外文文献：

StudyonDisinfectionandAntimicrobialTechnologiesforDrinkingWaterZHUKun,FUXiaoYong（Dept.ofEnvironmentalEngineering,LANZhouRailwayUniversity,LANZhou730070,China）Abstract:

Disinfectionby-productsproducedbythereactionbetweenchlorineanddissolvedorganiccompoundsandotherchemicalsareconsideredasaworryingprobleminthedrinkingwatertreatmentprocesssinceaseriesofmutageniccarcinogensubstancesareformedincludingtrihalomethanes（THMs）.Amongthetesteddisinfectants（chlorine,ozone,chlorinedioxide,potassiumpermanganate,chloraminesandhydrogenperoxideetc.）,chlorinedioxidehasprovedtobethemostfeasibleandeffectiveoxidantfordrinkingwatertreatmentandremovalofpathogensduetoitsoxidationefficiency,lowcostandsimplewayofutilization.Aseriesofexperimentsindicatethatchlorinedioxidecansignificantlyrestrainproductionoftrihalomethanes（THMs）andcontrolbacteriagrowthparticularlyforCryptosporidiumoocysts.Theexperimentsverifiedthatbothozoneandchlorinedioxideareabsolutelyvitaltoensurethatanymicroorganismsarisingfromfecalcontaminationofwaterstoragearedestroyed.Thepaperdiscussesoxidationcapacityofchlorinedioxide,especiallyforremovingpetroleumcompounds,whichisaffectedbyreactiontime,gasinjectionway,andpHoftreatedwater.Keywords:

disinfection;oxidants;watertreatment;pathogens;chlorinedioxideCLCnumber:

X523Documentcode:

A1IntroductionChemicalandfiltrationprocessesaretwomainmethodsusedinChinafortreatingdrinkingwatermeanwhileUVradiationhasbeenusedsuccessfullyforwatertreatmentwithrelativelylowflowrate.Ontheindividualfamilylevel,usuallychemicaltreatmentisafeasiblealternative.Thefollowingguidelinesexistfortheselectionofsuitabledisinfectants:

thereactionmustbestrongenoughtoextinctbacteriaandcontrolgrowthofmicro-organisms,removalofcontaminantsshouldbedonebydecomposition,evaporationorprecipitationetc,toeliminateordecreasethetoxicity,oxidantsorreactionby-productsshouldnotbeharmfultohumanhealth,andthepurificationprocessesshouldbepracticalandeconomical.Theobjectiveofthispaperisto-2-evaluateanddiscussavailabledisinfectantsfordrinkingwatertreatment.Thedifferentdisinfectantsarecomparedregardingpurificationefficienciesandapplicationapproaches.2ComparisonofDisinfectantsDisinfectants,suchaschlorine,chloramines,sodiumhypochlorous,chlorinedioxideandozoneetc.,wereprimarilyconsideredindrinkingwatertreatment.Theoxidationcapacitiesoftheseagentsmayberankedasfollowsinorderofdecreasedefficiency1:

O3ClO2HOClOCl-NHCl2NH2ClReferringtoFiessingers2suggestion,thepropertiesofthesedisinfectantsarecomparedinTab.1.Chlorineisshowntobeanexcellentdisinfectanttopreventwaterbornediseasessuchastyphoidfeveroverlongperiods.Chlorinereactsnotonlywithinoxidation,butalsobyelectrophilicsubstitutiontoproduceavarietyofchlorinatedorganicby-products,particularlytrihalomethanes（THMs）andothermutagens.HereTHMsmainlyrefertochloroform,bromoform,dibromochloromathaneandbromodichloromathaneetc.Sincethe1970s,theusageofCl2indrinkingwaterdisinfectionhasbeenquestionedwithozonebeingsubstitutedasthepreferreddisinfectantinthewatersupplyplants.But,ozonecouldnotbeintroducedtotheruralfarmercommunityduetoitshighcostsandshorthalf-life（1520min.）.Aswithotherdisinfectants,ozonationalsoleadstoformationoforganicby-productssuchasaldehyde,ketones,andcarboxylicacids,andalsomutagenicitymaybeinducedifbromicanionexists.Tab.1ComparisonofvariousoxidantsComparisonCl2ClO2O3KMnO4NH2ClH2O2THMformation+-Disinfectioneffects+-+-+Enhancedbiodegradability+-+Tasteremoval-+-+Ironandmanganese+-+Ammonia+-Formationofmutagensortoxicsubstances-3-+-+-+-+-+-noeffect;+littleeffect;+effect;+largesteffectManystudieshavepointedoutthatdisinfectionisabsolutelyvitaltoensurethatanymicroorganismsarisingfromfecalcontaminationofwaterstoragearedestroyed.Theselectionoftheavailabledisinfectantsmustconcerntoreduceriskfrommicrobialcontaminationofdrinkingwaterandthepotentialincreaseinriskfromchemicalcontaminationthatresultfromusinganyofthedisinfectants.Thebiocidalefficiencyofcommonlyuseddisinfectants-ozone,chlorinedioxide,chlorineandchloraminesarerankedalmostwiththesameorderastheoxidizingcapacity,butthestabilityofthosearefollowingtheorderas3:

ChloraminesChlorinedioxideChlorineOzone3PurificationoforganicpollutantsbychlorinedioxideAccordingtoWHOguidelinefordrinkingwaterquality,muchconsiderationshouldbepaidto