高英第七册Unit Three参考资料文档格式.docx

高英第七册Unit Three参考资料文档格式.docx

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NewYorkCitySubway

TheNewYorkCitySubwayisarapidtransitsystemownedbytheCityofNewYorkandleasedtotheNewYorkCityTransitAuthority,[3]asubsidiaryagencyoftheMetropolitanTransportationAuthorityandalsoknownasMTANewYorkCityTransit.Itisoneofthemostextensivepublictransportationsystemsintheworld,with468reportedpassengerstations,[2]（or422ifstationsconnectedbytransfersarecountedasone）,[4][5]229 

miles（369 

km）ofroutes,[6]translatinginto656miles（1056km）ofrevenuetrack,andatotalof842miles（1355km）includingnon-revenuetrackage.[7]Thesubwayisalsonotableforbeingamongthefewrapidtransitsystemsintheworldtorun24hoursaday,365daysayear.[8]Itistheonlysystemtoholdthatdistinctionamongthetenbusiestsystemsintheworldintermsofannualpassengertraffic.ThesystemitselfhasmoreannualboardingsthanthoseincitiessuchasLondon,Paris,andMexicoCity.[9]IthasnearlytwiceasmanydailyridersaseveryotherrapidtransitsystemintheUnitedStatescombined.

Thoughitisknownas"

thesubway"

implyingundergroundoperations,about40%ofthesystemrunsonabove-groundright-of-way（thesystemisalmostentirelyundergroundinManhattan,aswellasportionsintheotherboroughs）,includingsteelorcastironelevatedstructures,concreteviaducts,embankments,opencutsandsurfaceroutes.Alloftheseconstructionmethodsarecompletelygrade-separatedfromroadandpedestriancrossings,andmostcrossingsoftwosubwaytracksaregrade-separatedwithflyingjunctions.

MainIdea

•InawaythesubwayisthelivingsymbolofallthataddsuptolackofstatusinNewYork.

Or:

ThesubwayinNewYorkCityisavividdemonstrationofthecity’slackofstatus.

•地铁是美国纽约城的重要交通工具，也是纽约贫穷的人栖息之地，作者通过对这些无家可归的乞丐的丑陋的行为的形象描述，揭示了在美国这样的社会，社会地位的划分和竞争无处不在。

PurposeofwritingandTone:

•TosharehisownexperienceasanAmerican.

•Style:

Asatire（Aliteraryworkinwhichhumanviceorfollyisattackedthroughirony,derision/ridicule,orwit）;

•tone:

satirical;

OrganizationandDevelopment:

•SectionI（P1）---introductionofthetheme:

thesubwayisthelivingsymbolofallthataddsuptolackofstatusinNewYork;

topic:

thereisasenseofmadnessanddisorientationatalmosteveryexpressstop.

•SectionII（P2-3）---topic:

theundergroundspacesseemtoattracteveryeccentric（古怪的；

偏执的）passionandalsobeggars;

•SectionIII（P4-5）---topic:

however,somemendofalltothestateofbeingabum（游荡者,游民）.Forexample,ontheEastsideIRTsubwayline…

Lexicalwork

1.disorientation---Lossofone'

ssenseofdirection,position,or

relationshipwithone'

ssurroundings;

Intellectualormoralconfusion;

Atemporaryorpermanentstateofconfusionregardingplace,time,orpersonalidentity.

2.vistas---Adistantvieworprospect,especiallyoneseenthroughan

opening,asbetweenrowsofbuildingsortrees;

abroadmentalview:

3.eerie---Inspiringinexplicablefear,dread,oruneasiness;

strangeand

frightening.

4.qualms---Asuddendisturbingfeeling;

一阵眩晕;

恶心;

[常用复]不安,疑虑;

（良心的）责备

5.tactile---Of,relatingto,orproceedingfromthesenseoftouch;

tactual;

Perceptibletothesenseoftouch;

tangible.

6.crucifying---Toput（aperson）todeathbynailingorbindingtoa

cross;

Totreatcruelly;

torment:

7.tensile---Capableofbeingstretchedorextended;

ductile/elastic

8.ole`aginous---oily,fatty

9.flatulent---肠胃气胀的;

自负的,空虚的,浮夸的,自负的

10.redemption---SalvationfromsinthroughJesus'

ssacrifice.

赎回,偿还,拯救,履行

11.maniacal---Suggestiveoforafflictedwithinsanity;

frantic,crazy;

Characterizedbyexcessiveenthusiasmorexcitement:

12.ricochetoff---Toreboundatleastoncefromasurface;

bounceoff

13.mediocre---Moderatetoinferiorinquality中等偏下的;

ordinary

14.lollygagger---onewhofoolsaround虚度光阴,闲游浪荡

15.condescension---Patronizinglysuperiorbehaviororattitude

硬要人家领情的态度;

优越感

16.slouch---Tosit,stand,orwalkwithanawkward,drooping,

excessivelyrelaxedposture

无精打采的坐，站，走以笨拙的、颓丧的、极其放松的姿式坐、立或行

17.congealed---Tosolidifybyorasi