英语词性讲解ppt课件.ppt
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词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类。
1名词noun2代词pronoun3形容词adjective4副词adverb5动词verb6数词numeral7冠词article8介词preposition9连词conjunction10感叹词interjection,studentYouhappyquicklycutthreeaatandoh,实词,虚词,1,名词NOUN,概念:
是表示人,事物,抽象概念等名称的词。
根据词汇意义,名词可划分为:
专有名词和普通名词,2,专有名词:
指表示人、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
具体说来它包括人名、国家、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。
Tony托尼Japan日本Mr.Black布莱克先生August八月Monday星期一theGreatWall长城Christmas圣诞节English英语ATaleofTwoCities双城记,3,普通名词:
表示一类人、东西、抽象概念的名词。
例如:
表一类人:
pupil,police,woman,boy,father;表物:
box,tree,orange,water,computer;表抽象:
happiness,trouble,pleasure,love,life,etc.,4,普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
(1)个体名词。
如:
cup,desk,student等。
一般可数,有单复数形式。
(2)集体名词。
如:
class,team,family等。
一般可数,有单复数形式(3)物质名词。
如:
rice,water,cotton等。
一般不可数,没有单复数之分。
(4)抽象名词。
如:
love,work,life等。
一般不可数,没有单复数之分。
5,英语可数名词单复数,规则变化:
一般情况词尾加s。
如:
mapmaps,boyboys,horsehorses,tabletables.(在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音和元音后读/z/)s,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如:
classclasses,boxboxes,dishdishes,matchmatches.读/iz/,6,规则变化:
以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。
如:
familyfamilies,citycities,babybabies.以元音字母+y结尾的名词,直接词尾加s。
如:
toytoys,holidayholidays以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。
如:
shelfshelves,wolfwolves,lifelives,knifeknives,wifewives,leafleaves,thiefthieves.,例外:
roofroofs,7,规则变化:
以辅音字母+o结尾的名词,词尾加es;如:
tomatotomatoespotatopotatoesheroheroes以元音字母+o结尾的名词,直接词尾加s。
如:
pianopianosphotophotosradioradioszoozoos,8,不规则变化:
有些名词有不规则的复数形式。
例如:
child-childrenmouse-micemanmenwomanwomen妇女toothteethfootfeet有些名词的单复数形式相同。
例如;deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,people,yuan但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式,adollar,twodollars,9,注意:
一些以man,woman结尾的合成词,在构成复数时,与man,woman的变化形式相同。
如:
policemanpolicemen,EnglishmanEnglishmen,FrenchmanFrenchmen.,中日瑞士不变英法变其余s加后面,10,11,英语不可数名词,不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。
如:
abagofricetwobagsofrice,apieceofpaperthreepiecesofpaper,abottleofmilkfivebottlesofmilk.,12,名词的所有格,1.不以s结尾的名词所有格:
theboysbag,mensroom2.以-s结尾的名词所有格:
TeachersDay3.职业名词、称呼名词的所有格表地点thebarbers,MrGreens,thedoctors(office),myuncles(house)4.并列名词不共有:
JohnsandMarysrooms(两间)并列名词共有:
JohnandMarysroom5.时间、距离、地点fiveminuteswalk;tenmeterslong;theworldspopulation,13,6.抽象名词后用“of+宾格”作定语;themusicofthefilm;thehelpofhim(Lucy);thedevelopmentofChina;thedoorofthehouse7.多重所有格突出局部afriendofLucysmothers;twoclassmatesofmysisters8.“of+宾格”与“of+所有格”含意不同:
thephotoofmyfather我爸爸的肖像thephotoofmine我(所有的)照片,14,1.Several_aretalkingunderthetreeAndtheyare_.Awoman;childrenBwoman;childCwomen;children2.Howfarisyourschoolfromhere?
NotveryfarItsabouttwentywalk.(2000杭州)AminutesBminutesCminutes3.Therearethreeinmyfamily.(2004长春)A.peopleB.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJanesC.AnnsandJanes,典型例题解析,C,C,A,A,B,NOUN.,C,C,A,A,C,C,A,B,A,C,C,A,15,根据所给单词的正确形式填空:
1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?
(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?
(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!
(people)10.Look!
Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?
(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty_walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof_.(Lucy),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,vegetables,minutes,Lucys,NOUN.,ideas,foot,boys,ideas,foot,根据所给单词的正确形式填空:
1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?
(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?
(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!
(people)10.Look!
Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?
(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty_walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof_.(Lucy),boys,ideas,foot,根据所给单词的正确形式填空:
1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?
(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?
(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!
(people)10.Look!
Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?
(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty_walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof_.(Lucy),boys,ideas,foot,根据所给单词的正确形式填空:
1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?
(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?
(tomato