英语词性讲解ppt课件.ppt

1、词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。,1 名词 noun 2 代词 pronoun 3 形容词 adjective 4 副词 adverb 5 动词 verb 6 数词 numeral 7 冠词 article 8 介词 preposition 9 连词 conjunction 10 感叹词 interjection,student Youhappy quickly cut three a at and oh,实词,虚词,1,名词NOUN,概念：是表示人，事物，抽象概念等名称的词。根据词汇意义，名词可划分为：专有名词和普通名词,2,专有名词：指表示人、地方、机构、组织

2、等的专有名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。具体说来它包括人名、国家、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。Tony 托尼 Japan 日本 Mr.Black 布莱克先生 August 八月 Monday 星期一 the Great Wall 长城 Christmas 圣诞节 English 英语 A Tale of Two Cities 双城记,3,普通名词：表示一类人、东西、抽象概念的名词。例如：表一类人：pupil,police,woman,boy，father;表物：box,tree,orange,water,computer；表抽象：happiness,trou

3、ble,pleasure,love,life,etc.,4,普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。(1)个体名词。如：cup,desk,student等。一般可数，有单复数形式。(2)集体名词。如：class,team,family等。一般可数，有单复数形式(3)物质名词。如：rice,water,cotton等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。(4)抽象名词。如：love,work,life等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。,5,英语可数名词单复数,规则变化：一般情况词尾加s。如：map maps,boy boys,horse horses,table tables.（在清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音和

4、元音后读/z/）s,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class classes,box boxes,dish dishes,match matches.读/iz/,6,规则变化：以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family families,city cities,baby babies.以元音字母+y结尾的名词，直接词尾加s。如：toy toys,holiday holidays以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf shelves,wolf wolves,life lives,knife knives,wife wives,leaf leaves

5、,thief thieves.,例外：roof roofs,7,规则变化：以辅音字母+o结尾的名词,词尾加es；如:tomato tomatoes potato potatoes hero heroes 以元音字母+o结尾的名词，直接词尾加s。如:piano pianos photo photos radio radios zoo zoos,8,不规则变化：有些名词有不规则的复数形式。例如：child-children mouse-mice man men woman women 妇女 tooth teeth foot feet 有些名词的单复数形式相同。例如；deer,sheep,fish,

6、Chinese,Japanese,people,yuan 但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式，a dollar,two dollars,9,注意：一些以man，woman结尾的合成词，在构成复数时，与man，woman的变化形式相同。如：policeman policemen,Englishman Englishmen,Frenchman Frenchmen.,中日瑞士不变 英法变 其余s加后面,10,11,英语不可数名词,不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：a bag of rice two bags of rice,a piece of p

7、aper three pieces of paper,a bottle of milk five bottles of milk.,12,名词的所有格,1.不以s结尾的名词所有格：the boys bag,mens room 2.以-s结尾的名词所有格：Teachers Day3.职业名词、称呼名词的所有格表地点 the barbers,Mr Greens,the doctors（office），my uncles（house）4.并列名词不共有:Johns and Marys rooms（两间）并列名词共有:John and Marys room5.时间、距离、地点 five minutes

8、 walk；ten meters long；the worlds population,13,6.抽象名词后用“of+宾格”作定语；the music of the film；the help of him(Lucy)；the development of China；the door of the house7.多重所有格突出局部 a friend of Lucys mothers；two classmates of my sisters 8.“of+宾格”与“of+所有格”含意不同:the photo of my father 我爸爸的肖像 the photo of mine我（所有的）照

9、片,14,1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_.Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here？Not very farIts about twenty walk.（2000杭州）Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 3.There are three in my family.(2004长春）A.people B.person C.child 4.Most students can go to col

10、lege for further in our city.A.education B.information C.science 5.This is bedroom.The twin sister like it very much.A.Ann and Jane B.Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes,典型例题解析,C,C,A,A,B,NOUN.,C,C,A,A,C,C,A,B,A,C,C,A,15,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Different people may have different _.(idea)2.I often go to work on.(

11、foot)3.I know one of the.(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of.(glass)5.Please give them their.(photo)6.Are there any in the box?(watch)7.There are twelve in a year.(month)8.Would you like some?(tomato)9.Look at those in the boats!(people)10.Look!The are singing.(woman)11.September 10th is Day.(teach

12、er)12.Jim has some.(knife)13.How much are these?(vegetable)14.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute)15.The girl under the tree is a friend of_.(Lucy),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,vegetables,minutes,Lucys,NOUN.,ideas,foot,boys,ideas,foot,根

13、据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Different people may have different _.(idea)2.I often go to work on.(foot)3.I know one of the.(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of.(glass)5.Please give them their.(photo)6.Are there any in the box?(watch)7.There are twelve in a year.(month)8.Would you like some?(tomato)9.Look at those

14、 in the boats!(people)10.Look!The are singing.(woman)11.September 10th is Day.(teacher)12.Jim has some.(knife)13.How much are these?(vegetable)14.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute)15.The girl under the tree is a friend of_.(Lucy),boys,ideas,foot,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Different people may have d

15、ifferent _.(idea)2.I often go to work on.(foot)3.I know one of the.(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of.(glass)5.Please give them their.(photo)6.Are there any in the box?(watch)7.There are twelve in a year.(month)8.Would you like some?(tomato)9.Look at those in the boats!(people)10.Look!The are sing

16、ing.(woman)11.September 10th is Day.(teacher)12.Jim has some.(knife)13.How much are these?(vegetable)14.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute)15.The girl under the tree is a friend of_.(Lucy),boys,ideas,foot,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Different people may have different _.(idea)2.I often go to work on.(foot)3.I know one of the.(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of.(glass)5.Please give them their.(photo)6.Are there any in the box?(watch)7.There are twelve in a year.(month)8.Would you like some?(tomato