高中英语语法一点通定语从句Word文件下载.docx
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特征
例句
限制性定语从句
对先行词起修饰限制作用
Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.
非限制性定语从句
对先行词起到补充说明作用,先行词和定语从句往往用逗号隔开。
Water,whichisaclearliquid,hasmanyuses.
三、关系词的用法
定语从句的引导词称为“关系词”,关系词在定语从句中起到三重作用:
(1)连接主句和定语从句;
(2)代替先行词;
(3)在定语从句中充当句子成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语)。
定语从句通常情况下缺少以下几个句子成分:
主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语,既然缺少句子成分,那么关系词就必须把这些缺少的句子成分补上,关系词进一步分为:
关系代词和关系副词,关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语;
关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。
1、关系代词的用法
先行词
关系词
充当的句子成分
人
who
主语、宾语
Doyouknowthemanwhoisrepairingthebike?
Ican’tremembertheman(who)Imetyesterday.
whom
宾语
Theboy(whom)heloveddiedinthewar.
物
which
Theviewswhichareentirelynewwon’tbepopular.
Shesufferedfromcancer,whichwecan’taccept.
人或物
that
主语、宾语、表语
Theremustbesomethingthathappenedtoyou.
Idon’tlikethenovel(that)youarereading.
Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.
whose
定语
Idon’tlikethebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.
Theboywhosefatherisateacherstudieshard.
as
AsIknow,shehasn’tgotmarried.
Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
特别提醒:
①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,that/who/whom/which可以省略,但是as不可以省略。
②whose引导定语从句时,可以与ofwhich或者ofwhom互换。
Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.
(=Helivesinahousethewindowsofwhichfacesouth.
或者Helivesinahouseofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.)
Thegirlwhosehairisyellowismysister.
(=Thegirlthehairofwhomisyellowismysister.
或者Thegirlofwhomthehairisyellowismysister.)
③such引导限制性定语从句时,先行词一般被such,so,thesame修饰。
Heissuchagoodteacherasweallrespect.
=Heissogoodateacherasweallrespect.
Lucywearsthesamedressashersisterworeyesterday.
注:
1、thesame......as“同一类”;
thesame......that“同一个”。
ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.Youshouldreturnittome.
Youwearthesamecoatasmymotherboughtmelastmonth.
2、such...as...结构(as引导定语从句)与such...that...结构(that引导结果状语从句)的区别:
Sheissuchalovelygirlaswealllike.(as引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语)
Sheissuchalovelygirlthatwealllikeher.(that引导状语从句,从句结构和意义完整)
who也可以用来作宾语,但是当先行词前面有介词时,只能用whom,不能用who。
Doyouknowthemanwho/whomyourmotheristalkingwith?
Doyouknowthemanwithwhomyourmotheristalking?
关系代词that和which/who的区别
【只能用that的情况】
1.当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,somebody,everything,everybody,anything,anybody,nothing,nobody,none时。
Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.
IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?
2.当先行词被theonly,thevery(恰恰、正是),thesame,thelast修饰时。
Thisistheverydictionarythathewantstobuy.
Theonlythatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.
3.当先行词是序数词或者形容词最高级,或者先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。
ItisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
Heisalwaysthefirstthatcomestoschool.
4.关系代词在定语从句中充当表语的时候。
Myhometownisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.
5.当先行词既有人又有物时。
IwillneverforgettheplacesandthepeoplethatIvisitedduringlastsummervacation.
6.主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?
Whichisthebookthatyouboughtyesterday?
【只能用which/who的情况】
1.引导非限制性定语从句时,只能用which和who。
Wedon'
tliketheboy,whoisalwaysshoutinginpublic.
Haveyoubeentothemuseum,whichisoppositethehospital.
2.关系代词前有介词时,只能用which和whom。
Themanwithwhommyfathertalkedistheheadmaster.
Thatisthecityinwhichwelivedforthreeyears.
3.先行词为人称代词或指示代词时,只用who或which。
HewhoImetyesterdaywasafamousactor.
Thosewhocanseizeeveryopportunityaremorelikelytosucceed.
引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个句子时,as和which的区别。
1.as引导非限制性定语从句时,位置更加灵活,as既可以放在主句前,又可以放在主句后,有时还可插入主句中,而which引导非限制性定语从句时,只能置于主句之后。
Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,which/aswasbeyondyourexpectations.
Asisknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
=Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,as/whichisknowntoeveryone.
=Whatisknowntoeveryoneisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
=Itisknowntoeveryonethatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
2.表达“正如……、像……一样”时,通常用as,而不用which。
Sheisafinesinger,ashermotherusedtobe.
Thingswillturnouttobecontrarytopeople’swishes,asisoftenthecase.
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句
1.当介词放在关系代词前面时,关系代词只能用which或者whom,并且不能省略。
Thewriterpublishedmanybooks,mostofwhicharenovels.
Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.
2.“介词+关系代词”结构中介词选择可根据上下文