高中英语语法一点通定语从句Word文件下载.docx

1、特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用He has two sons who work in the same company.非限制性定语从句对先行词起到补充说明作用，先行词和定语从句往往用逗号隔开。Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 三、关系词的用法定语从句的引导词称为“关系词”，关系词在定语从句中起到三重作用：（1）连接主句和定语从句；（2）代替先行词；（3）在定语从句中充当句子成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语）。定语从句通常情况下缺少以下几个句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语，既然缺少句子成分，那么关系词就必须把这些

2、缺少的句子成分补上，关系词进一步分为：关系代词和关系副词，关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语；关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。1、关系代词的用法先行词关系词充当的句子成分人who主语、宾语Do you know the man who is repairing the bike?I cant remember the man （who） I met yesterday.whom宾语The boy （whom） he loved died in the war.物whichThe views which are entirely new wont be popular.She suff

3、ered from cancer, which we cant accept.人或物that主语、宾语、表语There must be something that happened to you.I dont like the novel （that） you are reading.He is no longer the man that he used to be.whose定语I dont like the books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father is a teacher studies hard.asAs I

4、 know, she hasnt got married.He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.特别提醒： 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，that/who/whom/which可以省略，但是as不可以省略。 whose引导定语从句时，可以与of which或者of whom互换。He lives in a house whose windows face south.（=He lives in a house the windows of which f

5、ace south.或者He lives in a house of which the windows face south.）The girl whose hair is yellow is my sister.（=The girl the hair of whom is yellow is my sister.或者The girl of whom the hair is yellow is my sister.） such引导限制性定语从句时，先行词一般被such, so, the same修饰。He is such a good teacher as we all respect. =

6、He is so good a teacher as we all respect.Lucy wears the same dress as her sister wore yesterday.注：1、the same.as “同一类”；the same.that “同一个”。This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. You should return it to me. You wear the same coat as my mother bought me last month. 2、such.as.结构（as引导定语从句）与such.tha

7、t.结构（that引导结果状语从句）的区别：She is such a lovely girl as we all like. （as引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语）She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.（that引导状语从句，从句结构和意义完整）who也可以用来作宾语，但是当先行词前面有介词时，只能用whom，不能用who。Do you know the man who/whom your mother is talking with?Do you know the man with whom your mother is talking

8、?关系代词that和which/who的区别【只能用that的情况】1. 当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, somebody, everything, everybody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody, none时。You should hand in all that you have.Is there anything that I can do for you?2. 当先行词被the only, the very（恰恰、正是）, the same, the last修饰时。This is the ver

9、y dictionary that he wants to buy.The only that we can do is to give you some money.3. 当先行词是序数词或者形容词最高级，或者先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。It is the best film that I have ever seen.He is always the first that comes to school.4. 关系代词在定语从句中充当表语的时候。My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.5. 当先行词既有人又有物时。

10、I will never forget the places and the people that I visited during last summer vacation.6. 主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?Which is the book that you bought yesterday?【只能用which/who的情况】1. 引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which和who。We dont like the boy, who is always shouting in

11、 public.Have you been to the museum, which is opposite the hospital.2. 关系代词前有介词时，只能用which和whom。The man with whom my father talked is the headmaster.That is the city in which we lived for three years.3. 先行词为人称代词或指示代词时，只用who或which。He who I met yesterday was a famous actor.Those who can seize every opp

12、ortunity are more likely to succeed.引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个句子时，as和which的区别。1. as引导非限制性定语从句时，位置更加灵活，as既可以放在主句前，又可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导非限制性定语从句时，只能置于主句之后。The weather turned out to be very good, which/as was beyond your expectations.As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every mon

13、th.=The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everyone.=What is known to everyone is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.=It is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month.2. 表达“正如、像一样”时，通常用as，而不用which。She is a fine singer

14、, as her mother used to be.Things will turn out to be contrary to peoples wishes, as is often the case. “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句1. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用which或者whom，并且不能省略。The writer published many books, most of which are novels.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.2. “介词+关系代词”结构中介词选择可根据上下文